Sentences with phrase «individual gene variations»

«The challenge is to pick these individual gene variations and to really drill down and try and understand their function both in the normal operation of the immune system and in the disease state.»

Not exact matches

The study found that in the 18th and 19th centuries, about four to 18 per cent of the variation between individuals in lifespan, family size and ages at first and last birth was influenced by genes, while the rest of the variation was driven by differences in various aspects of their environment.

Because of these variations, genes may be expressed differently from one individual to another.

For example, individuals with variations in a gene called FTO tend to desire high - calorie foods more often and have more fat as a result.

They compared each individual's lifespan to that of their relatives and their degree of separation and found that genes explained about 16 percent of the longevity variation seen in their data — on the low end of previous estimates which have ranged from about 15 percent to 30 percent.

There is just too much variation and complexity when comparing the massive number of individual genes.

Genetic factors can contribute to the degree of longevity in at least two important ways: An individual may inherit certain genetic variations that predispose him or her to disease that decreases longevity; other gene variants may confer disease resistance, thereby increasing it.

Individuals who had a particular variation in a specific gene (platelet derived growth factor D; PDGFD) had a markedly increased risk of adrenal suppression, both in the children with asthma and adults with COPD.

«A study covering a large number of subjects, like the one in 2015, makes it possible to identify the relevant genes across the entire population; but their variations have only a limited impact on individuals.

By studying rare «copy number variations,» which are individual errant insertions or deletions of DNA segments (each of which occur in less than one percent of the population), researchers discovered a new cluster of genes that are affected in some autistic individuals as well as a number of mutations that were present in autistic children but not their parents.

Using a genome - wide association study (GWAS) that includes 1600 individuals living in Tanzania, Botswana, or Ethiopia, the authors identified regions of the genome that contribute to skin color variation and carried out a series of analyses to pinpoint the responsible genes.

Researchers will also need to start drilling deeper to study individual copy number variations and disrupted genes to understand how they might lead to autism, she notes.

As it is well known that hypertension is a complex, multifactorial, quantitative trait under a polygenic control, 30 % to 50 % of the variation in blood pressure between individuals is attributed to genetic factors, and the genes responsible for susceptibility and blood pressure variation are mostly unknown.

«Although biologically real, the individual effects of many of those genes, or variations within them, are quite small,» said Mahaney.

GenProfile focuses on the systematic analysis of DNA sequence variation in biomedically relevant genes in order to identify those variants, or combinations of variants (gene profiles), that determine an individual's genetic risk for disease, predict individually different drug response, and ultimately pave the way to a personalized medicine.

Individuals with certain variations in this gene are more resistant to the diseases.

«In addition, the depth of the MSSNG database allowed us to identify resilient individuals who carry autism - associated gene variations without developing autism.

Philippe Froguel of Imperial College London and his colleagues, looking at data from 2154 individuals in France, found a similar association with a different genetic variation very near the same gene.

Individuals with variations in the gene, ITPR2, were more vulnerable to the effects of consuming PhIP.

Because of this level of variation, natural selection acts on the level of individual genes, not the whole genome.

Professor Segal's research has two major directions 1) Gene regulation — using quantitative and computational models to understand how DNA sequence variation among human individuals generates phenotypic diversity 2) Microbiome and Nutrition — understanding how the microbial composition of individuals affect their physiology and health.

However, the combined effects of many different genes cause most variation among individuals.

Normally gene identification starts with what is called a case - control design, in which genetic variations are compared between patients with a condition and healthy individuals, to look for differences that may contribute to the disease.

The way that these genes — this genetic information percolates down into the individual, the way this hierarchy percolates down into an individual might be very different from one person to another and therefore create the kind of infinite ripples or variations in human identity that we experience in human life.

After looking at 9 million genetic variants in those who were asparagus anosmic, they linked this deficiency to 871 individual sequence variations they discovered in chromosome 1, on genes associated with our sense of smell.

The research also showed that gene expression patterns of individual tumors varied considerably, and could exceed the variation observed between different cancer types.

They found that individuals with genetic variations to the RASGRF2 gene had higher activation of the ventral striatum area of the brain (closely linked to the VTA and involved in dopamine release) when anticipating reward in a cognitive task.

deCODE has identified key variations in the sequence of the genome conferring increased risk of major public health challenges from cardiovascular disease to cancer, and employs its gene discovery engine to develop DNA - based tests to assess individual risk of common diseases; to license its tests and intellectual property to partners; and to provide comprehensive, leading - edge contract services to companies and research institutions around the globe.

They found that individuals with the variation on the RASGRF - 2 gene drank more frequently at the age of 16 than those with no variation on the gene.

Each of the three trace amine - associated receptor genes can occur in two variations in each individual.

Exceptions included the ZFAT gene, which is associated with variation in wither height (36), for which both ancient individuals carried a mixture of reference and alternative alleles.

The resulting datasets of regulatory genomic sequence will provide a valuable resource in determining how non-coding DNA sequence variation may impact an individual's capacity to drive appropriate gene expression.

Variation is why each individual is unique at the level of genes and traits.

Many medical - genetic syndromes show a clear connection between genetic alteration and typical facial gestalt [49], hence genes involved in affected individuals may also contribute to normal variations in facial shape.

Home > Press > Single - cell mRNA cytometry via sequence - specific nanoparticle clustering and trapping: Cell - to - cell variation in gene expression creates a need for techniques that can characterize expression at the level of individual cells

By utilizing paired genome - wide high - throughput DNA sequencing (DNA - seq) with RNA - seq, we found that gene dosage, at the level of individual genes or chromosomal «somy» (a general term covering disomy, trisomy, tetrasomy, etc.), accounted for greater than 85 % of total gene expression variation in genes with a 2-fold or greater change in expression.

The focus of the conference was connecting how epigenetics (cellular and physiological phenotypic trait variations that are caused by external or environmental factors that switch genes on and off and affect how cells read genes instead of being caused by changes in the DNA sequence — in other words nutrition and lifestyle choices) impact whether or not an individual actually develops a specific health issue even though they have a SNP mutation.

Unfortunately, folic acid can be highly problematic for individuals with the MTHFR gene variation, as they may have a difficult time processing this form of folate.

Individuals with the MTHFR gene variation and high homocysteine levels may also benefit from activated versions of folate, B6, and B12, such as methylated folate (also known as L -5-MTHF Folate, methylfolate, 5 - formyltetrahydrofolate or NatureFolate), Pyridoxyl -5-Phosphate (P5P), and methylcobalamin, respectively.

This study will test the hypothesis that much of the morphological variation between individuals is due to a specific type of mutation that involves repeated sequences in genes.

We used sequence variation in the mitochondrial COI gene to ask (i) whether cyamid population structures might reveal associations among right whale individuals and subpopulations, (ii) whether the divergences of the three nominally conspecific cyamid species on North Atlantic, North Pacific, and southern right whales (Euba.laena glac.ialis, Eubal.aena jap.onica, Euba.laena aust.ralis) might indicate their times of separation, and (iii) whether the shapes of cyamid gene trees might contain information about changes in the population sizes of right whales....

Genetic association studies suggest that variation within the genes of central neurotransmitter systems, particularly the serotonin (5 - HTTLPR, MAOA - uVNTR) and opioid (OPRM1 A118G), are associated with individual differences in social sensitivity, which reflects the degree of emotional responsivity to social events and experiences.

Moreover, they have shown that, through differential patterns of DNA methylation of the promoter region and thereby differential expression of the estrogen receptor alpha gene in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of the brain, this individual variation of early experience influences adult reproductive behaviour, suggesting a mechanism for intergenerational transmission of the pattern of maternal care [137, 138].

From early models, temperament has been thought to have a constitutional basis.1 Recent evidence is showing that polymorphic variation in dopamine - related genes is associated to individual differences in EC and attentional control.16 However, the relevance of the biological endowment for EC does not mean that this ability can not be influenced by experience.

Related to this question, recent research suggests that particular polymorphisms, often those linked to risk for pathology, make the individual more susceptible to be influenced by parenting and other experiences.24 - 26 For example, children carrying the 7 - repeat variation of the DRD4 appear to benefit more from interventions directed to prevent behaviour problems than those carrying other variations of the gene.24 Nonetheless, further research is needed on how and to what extent EC skills may be influenced by the interplay between constitution and experience.