Sentences with phrase «individual genes in the genome»

Not exact matches

When researchers sequenced the sponge's genome in 2010, they found genes that help individual cells cooperate as a group: how to divide, send signals to one another, and distinguish between friends and outsiders.

Brains of individuals who died with Huntington's, Parkinson's or no neurological condition were analyzed using sequencing technology that provides a data readout of the activity of all genes in the genome.

The MGH investigators screened the genomes of 40 individuals with arhinia and 55 family members, from a total of 38 families, revealing rare single - nucleotide mutations within the SMCHD1 gene in 84 percent of affected individuals.

While several studies in the intervening years have investigated whether particular genes were responsible for modifying HD onset, this is the first to employ genome - wide association (GWA) analysis, which scans an individual's whole genome to identify chromosomal regions containing variants that are associated with the disease traits that are being studied.

Gene editing could include altering genes in one person — say to treat leukemia in one patient or make a cosmetic change — but, more controversially, it could also include making changes to the germ line that would then alter the genome for an individual's children, grandchildren and the following generations, with potentially unknown repercussions.

To confirm and strengthen the findings, Zwick and his team are currently performing an independent study of individuals with Down syndrome, using whole genome sequencing to further delineate alterations in genes that perturb heart development in children.

Over time, a mating population of native and non-native fish will result in only hybrid individuals with substantially reduced fitness because their genomes have been infiltrated by nonnative genes that are maladapted to the local environment.

When they sequenced the complete genomes of the Y. pestis DNA in those seven individuals, the team found that the bacterial genomes from the earliest samples lacked two genes that helped Y. pestis evade the immune systems of humans and fleas during the Black Death.

IN THE DECADE since researchers first sequenced the human genome, obvious links between the genes and individual diseases have been slow to appear [see «Revolution Postponed,» by Stephen S. Hall; Scientific American, October].

The Epigenetics Research group used these cells to perform genome - wide profiling across more than 20,000 individual genes in these patients.

In the Lyme bacteria's genome, the VlsE gene is preceded by «cassettes» which are normally not expressed, or made into individual proteins, but can recombine with VlsE to alter the expressed protein and thus present a novel challenge to a host's immune defenses.

Using a genome - wide association study (GWAS) that includes 1600 individuals living in Tanzania, Botswana, or Ethiopia, the authors identified regions of the genome that contribute to skin color variation and carried out a series of analyses to pinpoint the responsible genes.

In collaboration with Prof. Ido Amit of Weizmann's Immunology Department, they analyzed the genomes of 1,500 individual liver cells, establishing patterns of expression for about 20,000 genes in each celIn collaboration with Prof. Ido Amit of Weizmann's Immunology Department, they analyzed the genomes of 1,500 individual liver cells, establishing patterns of expression for about 20,000 genes in each celin each cell.

Pugh added that the implications of this research could represent one step towards solving the problem of «missing heritability» — a concept that describes how most traits, including many diseases, can not be accounted for by individual genes and seem to have their origins in regions of the genome that do not code for proteins.

By analyzing genetic samples for over half a million individuals as part of the GIANT research project, which aims to identify genes that regulate human body and size, researchers found more than 100 locations across the genome that play roles in various obesity traits.

At first they could not determine more than six bases in the replica DNA, which did not provide enough unique addresses to identify individual genes in the human genome.

«It can be compared to the first comprehensive analysis of the entire genome — the genes of an individual,» says Professor Charlotte Ling, in charge of the study.

Visual traits for each individual were compared to whole genome analysis results to identify the genes driving differences in appearance.

An international team of researchers reached a major milestone in decoding the human genome by linking genes across all chromosome of many individual people to specific tissues and disease processes.

Previous genetic studies have examined the association of aspirin, NSAIDs, or both with colorectal cancer according to a limited number of candidate genes or pathways.6 - 10 Thus, to comprehensively identify common genetic markers that characterize individuals who may obtain differential benefit from aspirin and NSAIDs, we conducted a discovery - based, genome - wide analysis of gene × environment interactions between regular use of aspirin, NSAIDs, or both and single - nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in relation to risk of colorectal cancer.

After removal of similar viral genomes, bootscan plots of the whole genome and individual genes from a subset representing human / simian adenoviruses in species A — G and all non-primate vertebrate adenoviruses were generated.

Such costs include: (1) metabolic energy that must be devoted to mating and meiosis; (2) energy and time expended locating a mating partner; (3) that only 50 % of parental genes are transmitted to any given progeny or that two individuals are required to produce one progeny (resulting in the so - called 2-fold cost of sex); and (4) the fact that two genomes that have run the gauntlet of adaptive selection are shuffled during the process, breaking apart well - adapted genomic configurations [57].

MiRNAs are molecules encoded in the genome of all animals, including humans, that regulate the activity of individual genes.

The team discovered that the pattern of differences in genome organization between various individuals of the same species indicates that the bacteria transfer DNA, including whole genes, back and forth.

In a high - profile examination of a sequenced genome (publicly available), the individual was homozygous for likely - pathogenic variants in two disease geneIn a high - profile examination of a sequenced genome (publicly available), the individual was homozygous for likely - pathogenic variants in two disease genein two disease genes.

In 2008, Wigler proposed that such cases, characterized by changes in gene copy number — duplicated or deleted genome segments that leave an individual with extra or missing copies of one or more genes — likely account for at least half of ASD caseIn 2008, Wigler proposed that such cases, characterized by changes in gene copy number — duplicated or deleted genome segments that leave an individual with extra or missing copies of one or more genes — likely account for at least half of ASD casein gene copy number — duplicated or deleted genome segments that leave an individual with extra or missing copies of one or more genes — likely account for at least half of ASD cases.

Genetic data combined with information on gene expression and epigenomics in relevant tissues, and clinical information, can provide clues about the effects of genetic changes within an individual's genome that increase or decrease one's risk of developing type 2 diabetes and its complications, including heart and kidney disease.

deCODE has identified key variations in the sequence of the genome conferring increased risk of major public health challenges from cardiovascular disease to cancer, and employs its gene discovery engine to develop DNA - based tests to assess individual risk of common diseases; to license its tests and intellectual property to partners; and to provide comprehensive, leading - edge contract services to companies and research institutions around the globe.

Stem cell researchers from UCLA used a high resolution technique to examine the genome, or total DNA content, of a pair of human embryonic stem cell lines and found that while both lines could form neurons, the lines had differences in the numbers of certain genes that could control such things as individual traits and disease susceptibility.

CRGGH generated a database of pharmacogenomically - relevant gene variants by mining the 1000 Genomes database and conducting de novo genotyping using the Affymetrix ADME gene chip in 19 global populations sampled from 5 continents (Africa, North and South America, Europe, and Asia) for a total of 1,478 individuals.

This knowledge, which will only be rapidly obtainable in the model organisms, will allow the reduction of most of the approximately 70,000 individual genes encoded by the human genome into a much smaller number of multicomponent, core processes of known biochemical function.

The ENCODE maps allow researchers to inspect the chromosomes, genes, functional elements and individual nucleotides in the human genome in much the same way.»

McMaster University Scientists have published 2 studies identifying which gene is responsible for causing brain development disorders when several genes are deleted in an individual's genome, providing a path forward for developing new therapies.

Despite type 2 diabetes having been well studied by genome - wide association studies in other populations, analysis in Mexican and Latin American individuals identified SLC16A11 as a novel candidate gene for type 2 diabetes with a possible role in triacylglycerol metabolism.

Personalized Genome Sequencing Reveals Coding Error Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center scientists used «personalized genome» sequencing on an individual with a hereditary form of pancreatic cancer to locate a mutation in a gene called PALB2 that is responsible for initiating the diGenome Sequencing Reveals Coding Error Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center scientists used «personalized genome» sequencing on an individual with a hereditary form of pancreatic cancer to locate a mutation in a gene called PALB2 that is responsible for initiating the digenome» sequencing on an individual with a hereditary form of pancreatic cancer to locate a mutation in a gene called PALB2 that is responsible for initiating the disease.

The company that has led in the discovery of genes that confer risk of common diseases is empowering individuals to explore their own genome Reykjavik, ICELAND, Nov. 16, 2007 — deCODE genetics (Nasdaq: DCGN) today announced the launch of deCODEme ™, a pioneering service...

She is scanning the genomes of individuals in the current study to identify regions that may contain additional gene candidates.

Perhaps the most striking feature is the extent to which individual genes and entire blocks of chromosomal regions have been duplicated in the Arabidopsis genome.

By utilizing paired genome - wide high - throughput DNA sequencing (DNA - seq) with RNA - seq, we found that gene dosage, at the level of individual genes or chromosomal «somy» (a general term covering disomy, trisomy, tetrasomy, etc.), accounted for greater than 85 % of total gene expression variation in genes with a 2-fold or greater change in expression.

Genome editing technology enables precise modification of individual protein coding genes, as well as noncoding regulatory sequences, enabling the elucidation of functional effects in human disease relevant cellular systems.

«The new knowledge of the genomic changes in ovarian cancer has revealed that the molecular catalysts of this disease are not limited to small changes affecting individual genes,» said NCI Director Harold E. Varmus, M.D. «Also important are large structural changes that occur in these cancer genomes.

Over 4 million coding mutations are described in v78 (September 2016), combining genome - wide sequencing results from 28 366 tumours with complete manual curation of 23 489 individual publications focused on 186 key genes and 286 key fusion pairs across all cancers.

Genome - wide association studies use «genechip» technology to identify genetic variants (single gene polymorphisms or «SNPs») that could explain differences in health between individuals.

Since the completion of the canine genome in 2005, science has been able to pinpoint individual genes responsible for particular traits.

Diet - related nutrogenic diseases can be aggravated when various food ingredients alter the health - promoting population of bacteria in the digestive system, the «microbiome» or «garden of the guts,» and when a particular breed or individual genome has gene - related processes and reactions to food ingredients that cause or aggravate illness.