«What we decided to do was take a completely unbiased approach where instead of targeting
individual genes of interest, we would express randomized guides inside of the cell,» Lu says.
Not exact matches
There are a wide range
of reproductive strategies resulting from the competing
interests at various levels
of selection, that is, the level
of individual genes /
gene clusters, the level
of the
individual and the level
of the population / species.
Evolution was not
of major
interest to most
of these biologists, but insofar as they had a theory
of it, it was a theory in terms
of mutations
of individual genes, carried by
individual organisms and submitted to natural selection.
A year ago we started thinking, why don't we select a single family with an
interesting disease and see whether studying a smaller group
of related
individuals makes it possible to identify the
genes involved in that disease.
Understanding the biochemical pathways and mechanistic strategies that produce and mediate the functions
of these diverse small RNAs is
of great
interest, as is elucidating the specific roles
of individual small RNA
genes, particularly miRNAs and siRNAs.
Besides information gathered to answer specific experimental questions, as determined by the
interests of individual partners [35]--[41], the collective data offered the opportunity to search for coordinated
gene expression patterns in a systematic exploration
of the mouse ES transcriptome under a battery
of different experimental settings, thus minimizing possible site - specific artifacts.
Specifically, we have generated clusters
of transcripts that behave the same way under the entire spectrum
of the sixty - seven experimental conditions; we have assembled
genes in groups according to their time
of expression during successive days
of ES cell differentiation; we have included expression profiles
of specific
gene classes such as transcription regulatory factors and Expressed Sequence Tags; transcripts have been arranged in «Expression Waves» and juxtaposed to
genes with opposite or complementary expression patterns; we have designed search engines to display the expression profile
of any transcript during ES cell differentiation;
gene expression data have been organized in animated graphs
of KEGG signaling and metabolic pathways; and finally, we have incorporated advanced functional annotations for
individual genes or
gene clusters
of interest and links to microarray and genomic resources.
Here we are less
interested in the contribution
of individual genes (as important as these obviously are) but in the behavior
of large genetic networks — hence the emphasis on genomics rather than genetics in our group name.
The widely used strategy
of allele association investigates correlations
of gene variants with phenotypes, i.e., it probes if
individuals with a trait
of interest carry a specific
gene variant more frequently than
individuals in a control group (case - control studies).
Within the framework
of modern evolutionary biology, attachment theory focuses on the «
gene - selfish»
interest of children in receiving as much
of their parents» physical as well as psychological resources as possible.5, 9 In terms
of Trivers ’10 parent - offspring conflict paradigm, attachment theory focuses on the offspring's side
of the conflict, and on the parent's willingness or unwillingness to invest in any particular
individual offspring.