One way in which this is done is by blocking hypoxia -
induced angiogenesis.
Hepatocyte growth factor enhances vascular endothelial growth factor -
induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
They first
induced angiogenesis in mice through the injection of a growth factor called FGF - 2 and measured blood vessel development in the presence and absence of synthesised IP5.
Cleavage of galectin - 3 by matrix metalloproteases
induces angiogenesis in breast cancer.
Not exact matches
They also found no increase in the levels of
angiogenesis -
inducing factors or in the expression of
angiogenesis - related genes in metastatic lymph nodes.
Researchers knew at the time that tumors can
induce normal endothelial cells to form new blood vessels, a process called
angiogenesis.
At first glance, a puzzle emerges: why would a cancer â $ œwantâ $ to
induce blood clots? Cancer cells often send out growth factors that stimulate the growth of new blood vessels (
angiogenesis).
This hypothesis is corroborated by animal studies showing that
angiogenesis was negatively influenced by estrogen loss in oophorectomized animals (290), whereas estrogen therapy
induced collateral and microvascular remodeling in a similar animal model (291).
Although 50 nmol of kahweol per CAM was required to observe in vivo inhibition of
angiogenesis in 100 % of treated eggs, as little as 10 nmol of kahweol was enough to
induce clear inhibition of
angiogenesis in 25 % of the tested eggs in the CAM assay.
In response to cellular stress such as DNA damage, oncogene activation, transcriptional inhibition, and hypoxia, tumor suppressor p53 is activated and expressed, and acts as a transcription factor to
induce its target genes [1], thereby playing a central role in the regulation of DNA repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence, and
angiogenesis [2 - 4].
This results in cancer cells secreting large amounts of the fermentation product lactic acid into their extracellular microenvironment, lowering the extracellular pH to 6 - 6.5, contributing to acidosis, initiation of
angiogenesis and providing a metabolic fuel for cancer cells, which also
induces immunosuppression.