Sentences with phrase «induced by exposure»

In animals, physiological hyperreactivity induced by exposure to early - life adversity can be ameliorated by placement in an enriched environment during puberty (33), indicating that the neurobiological consequences of early - life adversity may be reversed, at least in part, through improvements to the environment.

Other studies (e.g., Anderson et al., 2008) have shown that high levels of stress (such as that induced by exposure to ACEs) lead to dysregulation of the limbic system, resulting in a rewiring of the brain which causes children to be more anxious and hyper - responsive to negative social cues, such as angry facial expressions from others.

Inflammatory and oxidative responses induced by exposure to commonly used e-cigarette flavoring chemicals and flavored e-liquids without nicotine.

Red and yellow regions represent low NPQ activity, while blue and purple areas show high levels induced by exposure to light.

It is found that doping is characterized by double rate kinetics as well as the de-doping effect induced by exposure to ambient atmosphere.

Not exact matches

For example, animal studies have demonstrated that the expression of P - glycoprotein, a broad - specificity transmembrane transporter on intestinal enterocytes, is induced by breast milk (and not formula exposure) and is protective against experimental colitis (3).

The reduction was comparable to that induced by cigarette smoke (57 percent for the 15 - second exposures, 62 percent for the 5 - second exposures).

But the lower thyroid hormone levels commonly induced by alcohol exposure might be one explanation, suggests study coauthor Eva Redei, a psychiatrist at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago.

They can go on and on being asexual, but now we've found that they can also be sexual, and that the switch to sexuality is induced by a bacterial cue within an hour after exposure,» says King.

Neurological deficits induced by low - level exposure are not overtly pathological.

Cellular - level changes to a part of the brain's reward system induced by chronic exposure to the psychoactive component of marijuana may contribute to the drug's pleasurable and potentially addictive qualities, suggests a study in young mice published in JNeurosci.

«The data from these two Phase III trials conducted in Europe and in the U.S. support the effectiveness of this novel photo - protective drug, offering the patients in Europe — where the drug has been approved by the European Medicines Agency — the opportunity to perform their daily functions without the pain induced by sun exposure,» said Robert J. Desnick, PhD, MD, Principal Investigator of the U.S. Trials and Dean for Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine.

Noise induced hearing loss can be caused by sudden very loud noise, such as an explosion or gunfire, but it may also develop gradually as a result of repeated exposure to loud noise, suggest the study authors.

By analyzing the chemical composition of the water in which the animals lived during the duration of the experiment, the researchers determined that exposure to space induces distinct differences in metabolism and / or secretion.

This idea is also supported by the researchers» finding that when neonatal mice were allowed to grow into adults without pTreg cells, i.e., without exposure to solid food, they «become much more susceptible to experimentally induced food allergy.

«Perinatal BPA exposure induces chronic inflammation by modulating gut bacteria.»

With gene therapy the VNA genetic material is delivered to animals by a vector that induces the animals to produce their own antitoxin VNA proteins over a prolonged period of time, thus preventing illness from toxin exposures.

A short - term inhibition of Rho - kinase failed to induce extracellular matrix production in fibroblasts or in HCS - 2 / 8 cells, while its long - term exposure increased the expressions of chondrocyte - specific genes and differentiation markers, and also promoted the synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans by chondrocytic cells.

Development of diet - induced fatty liver disease in the aging mouse is suppressed by brief daily exposure to low - magnitude mechanical signals

The expression of a few retinal mRNAs known to be induced by hypoxia, including HIF - 1α, was assessed by qRT — PCR analysis of total RNA isolated from retinal tissue following exposure to 3 h of 6 % — 7 % O2.

Importantly, we found that the inhibition of the catalytic activity of CAMKK2 or AMPK protects hippocampal neurons against the synaptotoxic effects induced by acute exposure to Aβ42 oligomers in vitro and against the loss of dendritic spines observed in the hAPPSWE,IND - expressing transgenic mouse model (J20) in vivo.

* «High - fat diet exposure from pre-pubertal age induces PCOS in rats» by Patel et al. will be published in Reproduction at 00:01 UK time on Friday 1 December.

Persistent inflammation induced by prolonged or repetitive exposure to specific allergens, typically characterized not only by the presence of large numbers of innate and adaptive immune cells (in the form of leukocytes) at the affected site but also by substantial changes in the extracellular matrix and alterations in the number, phenotype and function of structural cells in the affected tissues.

To avoid confounding effects of high heat exposure, mild dehydration was induced by moderate exercise in a moderately warm environment (mean ± SD, 27.6 ± 0.8 °C).

Some theories suggest that fibromyalgia may result from stress - induced changes in the hippocampal area of the brain; others from stress - induced disruptions of the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal (HPA) axis (which affects adrenal function and cortisol production); and still others from low levels of the neurotransmitter, dopamine, caused by genetic factors and triggered by exposure to stressors, such as emotional distress, physical trauma, viral infections or inflammatory disorders.

Rhonda Patrick, PHD writes «cold exposures increase cold shock proteins including one in the brain that repairs damaged synapses and in muscle prevents atrophy, how a cold - induced catecholamine lowers inflammation and pain by decreasing the levels of 3 inflammatory mediators...» [10] This is very, very interesting stuff and it's grounded in evolutionary science.

Rhonda Patrick, PHD writes «cold exposures increase cold shock proteins including one in the brain that repairs damaged synapses and in muscle prevents atrophy, how cold - induced norepinephrine lowers inflammation and pain by decreasing the levels of 3 inflammatory mediators...» * [9] This is very, very interesting stuff and it's grounded in evolutionary science.

As well, these approaches may be synergized by a hormetic strategy, which involves repeated exposure to low levels of particular stressors to induce activity of physiological mechanisms of maintenance and repair.»

Friends and family of the developers attribute the low price to cosmic insanity, induced by the developer's prolonged exposure to Lovecraftian monstrosities.

This correlation provides evidence that the translation speed of a storm can exert a significant control on the intensity of storms by modulating the strength of the negative effect of the storm - induced sea surface temperature (SST) reduction on the storm intensification (i.e., the SST feedback): Faster - moving storms tend to generate weaker sea surface cooling and have shorter exposure to the cooling, both of which tend to weaken the negative SST feedback

The mice with such damage subsequently suffered more and larger liver tumors induced by other chemical exposures.

It remains to be examined by using the neonatal novelty exposure procedure whether the early stimulation - induced changes in neuroendocrine and associated cellular / molecular measures associated with handled rats (38) can be preserved despite a lack of greater maternal care.

The most critical findings are that, in rodents, (i) functional enhancement during adulthood across diverse functional domains at both behavioral and neuroendocrine levels can be induced by repeated neonatal exposures to a relatively novel nonhome environment; and (ii) these functional improvements occurred in the absence of evidence of preferential maternal care and, more importantly, in the presence of direct evidence for lesser maternal care relative to home - staying siblings.

One final example is the prefrontal cortex, which is thought to play an important role in regulating behavior by suppressing impulses and emotions arising from the amygdala and other parts of the limbic system.50 — 52 In animal studies, exposure to chronic stress or glucocorticoids alters the synaptic connectivity within the prefrontal cortex, 52,53 and this may limit the ability of the prefrontal cortex to (1) suppress the impulsivity and aggression of the limbic system, and (2) execute adaptive responses (rather than maladaptive responses) to stress.54 — 56 Stress - induced changes in brain structure parallel the well - described impact of significant childhood adversity on a variety of brain functions, including the modulation of physiologic responses (hyper - responsive or chronically active stress response), learning (impaired memory), and the regulation of behavior (the ability to execute adaptive vs maladaptive responses to stress).3, 39,57

The father's threatened exposure of core - self inadequacy is protected by projectively displacing it onto the mother by means of the child's induced symptomatic rejection of her.