Sentences with phrase «induced increases»

Program - induced increases in positive parenting, decreases in child exposure to negative life events, and lower externalizing symptoms significantly mediated the intervention effect on cortisol 6 years later.

By 2085, an estimated 5.2 billion people — more than 3 billion additional people worldwide — are projected to be at risk for dengue because of climate change - induced increases in humidity that contribute to the disease's spread, based on models that use observed relationships between weather patterns and dengue outbreaks.6 Researchers in Australia and New Zealand calculated that climate change is projected to increase the range and risk of dengue in these countries.

However, the available evidence does not indicate pronounced long - term changes in the Sun's output over the past century, during which time human - induced increases in CO2 concentrations have been the dominant influence on the long - term global surface temperature increase.

1) In reality both the changes in albedo (reflectivity) and CO2 concentration are feedbacks on the orbital forcing, and the relation in the one direction (a change in earth's orbit causing a temperature change which in turn causes albedo and CO2 levels to change) is not necessarily the same as the relation in the reverse direction, as is currently happening with human - induced increases in CO2.

An overall increase in global - mean atmospheric temperatures is predicted to occur in response to human - induced increases in atmospheric concentrations of heat - trapping «greenhouse gases.»

It is clear from extensive scientific evidence that the dominant cause of the rapid change in climate of the past half century is human - induced increases in the amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases -LSB-...] Since long - term measurements began in the 1950s, the atmospheric CO2 concentration has been increasing at a rate much faster than at any time in the last 800,000 years.

It is well established through formal attribution studies that the global warming of the past 50 years is due primarily to human - induced increases in heat - trapping gases.

«GHGs Direct» covers CO2, CH4, and H2O as water vapor; «GHGs Amplified» consists mostly of AGW - induced increases in water vapor and AGW - induced releases of CH4; «HEAT BUFFERS» consist primarily of the oceans; and «LATENT HEAT» consists mostly of melting ice.

It is very likely that most of the observed increase in global temperatures since the mid-twentieth century is due to human - induced increases in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere (IPCC 2007).

Human - induced increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have led to rising global temperatures.

Residence time of temperate and Amazon forest carbon in HYBRID4 is reduced with warming due to heat - induced increases in vapor pressure deficits leading to unfavorable carbon balances, which increase rates of individual mortality (Fig. 4).

If you remove the ««Unknown, «I Don't Know» and «Other»» responses from Question 1a — «What fraction of global warming can be attributed to human induced increases in GHGs?»

What fraction of global warming since the mid-20th century can be attributed to human induced increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations?

Specifically, 84 + / - 2 % of respondents agreed that 50 % or more of «global warming since the mid 20th century» can be attributed to «human induced increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations»; while 86 + / - 2 % agreed that greenhouse gases had a moderate or strong warming contribution to the «reported global warming of ~ 0.8 degrees C since pre-industrial times».

The related «News and Views» commentary by Richard P. Allan of the University of Reading expressed the findings well, saying the authors «provide evidence that human - induced increases in greenhouse - gas concentrations led to the intensification of heavy precipitation events over large swathes of land in the Northern Hemisphere during the latter half of the twentieth century.»

They show that human - induced increases in greenhouse gases have contributed to the observed intensification of heavy precipitation events found in approximately two - thirds of data - covered parts of Northern Hemisphere land areas.

The same feedback mechanisms that are proposed to enhance the CO2 warming are also applicable to solar forcing, including warming induced increases in methane release.

And just as increased algal productivity at sea increases the emission of sulfur gases to the atmosphere, ultimately leading to more and brighter clouds over the world's oceans, so too do CO2 - induced increases in terrestrial plant productivity lead to enhanced emissions of various sulfur gases over land, where they likewise ultimately cool the planet.

We found that LCFF - induced increases in school spending led to significant increases in high school graduation rates and academic achievement, particularly among children from low - income families.

Iodine - deficient breast tissue also shows alterations in DNA and increases in estrogen receptor proteins.40 Coupled with iodine deficiency - induced increases in circulating estrogen levels, these changes can substantially increase the risk of breast cancer in women with low iodine levels.44

Moreover, whereas it is not known whether diet - induced increases in HDL cholesterol confer protection against CVD risk that would be inferred from epidemiologic data, this effect of dietary saturated fat requires consideration when assessing its net effect on CVD risk.

It was only recently discovered that exercise - induced increases in insulin sensitivity are driven by increased ROS production (5), and totally suppressed by antioxidant supplements.

Intriguingly enough, it has been shown that three months of aerobic exercise decreases ET - 1 concentrations in both young and elderly subjects.6 Moreover, 45 minutes of moderate - intensity treadmill running in 13 men and women 70 years of age completely restored insulin - induced increases in protein synthesis.6 Those changes were associated with a drop in ET - 1.

Benefits included suppressing UV light free radical formation, keeping elastin intact, and complimenting the studies above, preventing UV - induced increases in collagenase, the enzyme which breaks down existing collagen.

Muscle biopsies revealed significant training - induced increases within the muscle fibers (MCT1 increased between 30 - 530 % and MCT4 increased between 15 - 200 %).»

Researchers have investigated the effects of refined sugars on cognitive function, and conclude that «Special care in food selection at meals should be exercised by those with type 2 diabetes since ingestion of rapidly absorbed, high — glycemic index carbohydrate foods further impairs medial temporal lobe function, with food - induced increases in oxidative stress and cytokine release likely explaining the association between food ingestion and reduction in cognitive function in those with type 2 diabetes (1).»

Their line of reasoning was that if exercise - induced increases in testosterone production really leads to bigger muscle gains, there should be a discrepancy in the muscle size gained in each arm in favor of the arm that was trained under high testosterone conditions.

Hence, the FLI focuses on the origin of the aging - induced increases in molecular damage aiming to elucidate how it contributes to impairments in stem cell function and the evolution of organ dysfunction and diseases in aging.

[3,4] Dummer et al demonstrated BCG - induced increases in melan - A — specific cytotoxic T cells.

CRF - CRF1 system activation mediates withdrawal - induced increases in nicotine self - administration in nicotine - dependent rats.

Positive emotionality was inversely associated with MP - induced increases in midbrain DA, which could reflect the fact that in midbrain, D2 and D3 are autoreceptors; therefore, their stimulation would result in decreased DA release in striatum (including accumbens)(74), leading to decreased sensitivity to reward and amotivation (75).

(A) MP - induced increases in self - reports of high, drug effects, anxiety, and restlessness were significantly lower for marijuana abusers than controls (P < 0.05).

Post hoc t tests revealed that MP - induced increases in heart rate and diastolic pressure were significantly stronger (P < 0.05) in controls than in marijuana abusers.

They then run models that include human - induced increases in greenhouse gases and aerosols.

The study concluded that the weight gain in preterm infants might be directly related to «massage - induced increases in vagal activity, which in turn may lead to increased gastric motility and thereby weight gain.»

Final producer prices of capital goods have increased due to the higher price of project home prices and exchange - rate induced increases in the price of imports, such as industrial machinery and computer equipment.

A joint statement from the National Academy of Sciences and Royal Society in Britain said «human - induced increases in CO2 (carbon dioxide) concentrations have been the dominant influence on the long - term global surface temperature increase.»

Given that the economic benefits of the pipelines are, for the most part, due to an induced increase in the price of oil, the lion's share of these accrue to the Alberta government and to firms operating in Alberta.

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), Xiaosi Gua and Shihui Hana induced increased activation in the ACC / paracingulate and the right middle frontal gyrus by having subjects look at painful images in VR.

What I like about this product is that the ingredients are proven galactagogues and it is very quick in inducing an increase in milk volume.

«Although running induces both substantial changes in number and morphology of young neurons as well as significant changes in learning behavior, this does not prove a causal relationship,» noted Professor Bischofberger, «Nevertheless, our results, together with previous findings, suggest that the enhanced pattern separation during memory testing is most likely mediated via running - induced increase in adult neurogenesis.»

Significantly, the effect of PARTICLE in limiting the time and extent of the radiation - induced increase in DNA methylation is more pronounced at lower radiation doses than at higher doses.

The smoke - induced increase in wind speed at an altitude of 1 km enhanced a phenomenon called wind shear, the difference in wind velocity between one layer of the atmosphere and another.

As an alternative test for receptor specificity, we applied the 5 - HT3 receptor agonist CPG, which induced an increase in intracellular calcium in 5 - HT3AGFP cells; the agonistic effect was blocked by ODS (n = 5, t (4) = 20.55, p < 0.0001 paired Student's t test; Fig. 4D, H).

Conventional opioids activate both pathways, which causes constipation and slowed breathing and may induce an increased tolerance of drugs such as morphine.

First - order models predicted that solar wind compression regions would induce an increase in the angular velocity of the equatorial plasma and decrease the currents related to the lag from corotation, thus resulting in a dimmer aurora (e.g. Southwood & Kivelson 2001).

Fibrinogen - induced increased pial venular permeability in mice.

Dr Gøran Paulsen, who led the study at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, explains: «Our results show that vitamin C and E supplements blunted the endurance training - induced increase of mitochondrial proteins, which are needed to improve muscular endurance.»

Estradiol attenuates the adenosine triphosphate - induced increase of intracellular calcium through group ii metabotropic glutamate receptors in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Subsequent studies in animal models that are thought to mimic the human experience indicate RSV inactivated vaccine induces an increased CD4 + T lymphocyte response, primarily of Th2 cells and the occurrence of immune complex depositions in lung tissues [32], [42], [43].