Because the real ocean does not match the idealized conditions of the Ekman spiral, wind -
induced water movements often differ appreciably from theoretical predictions.
Not exact matches
Detailed impacts, however, will vary strongly from region to region and coast to coast and therefore can not be easily generalized, as changing mean and extreme coastal
water levels depend on a combination of near shore and offshore processes, related to climatic but also non-climatic anthropogenic factors, such as natural land
movement arising from tectonics, volcanism or compaction; land subsidence due to anthropogenic extraction of underground resources; and changes in coastal morphology resulting from sediment transport
induced by natural and / or anthropogenic factors.
Republican President Theodore Roosevelt, for instance, launched the conservation
movement early in the last century, and, responding to cough -
inducing smog and rivers catching on fire, President Richard Nixon signed the landmark Clean Air and Clean
Water Acts and established the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Next we have
water where the
movement of the
water shifts the energy around by convection and
induced horizontal
movements etc..
In some coastal areas of the ocean (and large lakes such as the North American Great Lakes), the combination of persistent winds, Earth's rotation (the Coriolis effect), and restrictions on lateral
movements of
water caused by shorelines and shallow bottoms
induces upward and downward
water movements.