A huge impact could be made right now on the
death and disease
attributable to the synergism between infection and malnutrition — but not with fancy hospitals, such as those found in capital cities in many developing countries, or with elaborate manufactured foods or expensive
infant formulas or over-trained doctors or advanced food technologies.
During this time, sudden, unexpected
infant death rates overall remained relatively stable, with a possible trend downward after 2003, and
deaths attributable to SIDS actually declined.
However, such soft bedding can increase the potential of suffocation and rebreathing.54, 56,57,179, — , 181 Pillows, quilts, comforters, sheepskins, and other soft surfaces are hazardous when placed under the
infant62, 147,182, — , 187 or left loose in the
infant's sleep area62, 65,184,185,188, — , 191 and can increase SIDS risk up to fivefold independent of sleep position.62, 147 Several reports have also described that in many SIDS cases, the heads of the
infants, including some
infants who slept supine, were covered by loose bedding.65, 186,187,191 It should be noted that the risk of SIDS increases 21-fold when the
infant is placed prone with soft bedding.62 In addition, soft and loose bedding have both been associated with accidental suffocation
deaths.149 The CPSC has reported that the majority of sleep - related
infant deaths in its database are
attributable to suffocation involving pillows, quilts, and extra bedding.192, 193 The AAP recommends that
infants sleep on a firm surface without any soft or loose bedding.