Sentences with phrase «infant during child birth»

Not exact matches

According to the National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD) chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, and cytomegalovirus can be passed from mother to infant during delivery when the infant passes through an infected birth canal, while HIV and CMV, can infect a fetus before birth during your pregnancy.

For mothers who do not breastfeed their infants the intervals between births is shortened allowing them to have more children during their reproductive years — reducing the reproductive costs associated with being a biological rider.

«Although intrauterine experiences can exert influence on the infant's subsequent development, the experiences it has during the ten months or so after birth are of greater experience... a continuing symbiotic relation between mother and child designed to endure an unbroken continuum until the infant's brain weight has more than doubled.»

Vertical transmission means transmission of HIV from the mother to an infant, during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding, also known as mother to child transmission, or MTCT.

Babies and young children may get pneumonia from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), for example, and infants may get it from group B streptococcus (GBS) acquired at birth, during delivery.

Covariates included mother's age, education, smoking during pregnancy, and participation in the federal nutritional support program for Women, Infants, and Children; and infant's gender, race, birth weight, congenital malformation reported at birth, live birth order, and single or multiple birth.

Facts for Feeding • Birth, Initiation of Breastfeeding, and the First Seven Days after Birth • Recommended Practices to Improve Infant Nutrition during the First Six Months • Guidelines for Appropriate Complementary Feeding of Breastfed Children 6 - 24 Months of Age • Breastmilk: A Critical Source of Vitamin A for Infants and Young Children

Facts for Feeding > Recommended Practices to Improve Infant Nutrition during the First Six Months • Birth, Initiation of Breastfeeding, and the First Seven Days after Birth • Guidelines for Appropriate Complementary Feeding of Breastfed Children 6 - 24 Months of Age • Breastmilk: A Critical Source of Vitamin A for Infants and Young Children

The relevant questionnaires are «Your Pregnancy» (administered at 32 wk gestation), on maternal education, maternal diet during pregnancy, and maternal worries about financial matters; «Your Environment» (administered on enrollment between 8 and 28 wk), on type of housing; «Looking After the Baby,» on maternal smoking at 8 mo after the birth; «My Young Baby Boy / My Young Baby Girl» at 4 wk and «My Son / My Daughter» at 6 mo, on infant feeding practices; and «My Three - Year - Old Son / Daughter,» on the child's diet.

Practices that affect this exchange, such as the use of antibiotics during pregnancy, birth by C - section, perinatal antibiotics, and formula feeding, alter the infant microbiome and may predispose a child to dysbiosis and SIBO down the road.

Any deprivation of oxygen, or birth asphyxia, to a child's brain during childbirth can result in an infant's mild to severe birth injury or death.

Children who experience poverty, particularly during early life or for an extended period, are at risk of a host of adverse health and developmental outcomes through their life course.1 Poverty has a profound effect on specific circumstances, such as birth weight, infant mortality, language development, chronic illness, environmental exposure, nutrition, and injury.

Regarding the child, the importance of the intrauterine and early postnatal environments for metabolic programming and modifications of the epigenome is increasingly recognised, 12 — 14 particularly for metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.15 Thus, GDM is related to macrosomia at birth (> 4 kg), to excess body fat and (central) obesity and to insulin secretion in infants and children, the obesity being in part mediated by maternal body mass index (BMI) or birth weight.16 — 23 Intrauterine exposure to GDM also doubles the risk for subsequent type 2 diabetes in offspring compared with offspring of mothers with a high genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes, but with normal glucose tolerance during the index pregnancy.24 Maternal prepregnancy overweight and excessive gestational weight gain also predict high birth weight and adiposity during infancy.12 25 This is highly relevant, as up to 60 % — 70 % of women with GDM are overweight or obese before pregnancy.26 Finally, maternal lifestyle behaviour such as a high fat diet or lack of physical activity during pregnancy can influence offspring adiposity independent of maternal obesity.12 27

Detailed description of the trial's methods have been previously published.11 The cluster randomised trial was conducted in six socio - economically diverse18 local government areas (LGAs) in Victoria, Australia.11 Free universal health visits are scheduled from birth to 42 months of age, and over 90 % of parents attend visits during the first 6 months of life.19 Maternal and child health (MCH) nurses consecutively invited mothers of 6 - to 7 - month - old infants attending across August — September in 2004 to take part in the Toddlers Without Tears trial.

During the prenatal and infant periods, families have been identified on the basis of socioeconomic risk (parental education, income, age8, 11) and / or other family (e.g. maternal depression) or child (e.g. prematurity and low birth weight12) risks; whereas with preschoolers a greater emphasis has been placed on the presence of child disruptive behaviour, delays in language / cognitive impairment and / or more pervasive developmental delays.6 With an increased emphasis on families from lower socioeconomic strata, who typically face multiple types of adversity (e.g. low parental educational attainment and work skills, poor housing, low social support, dangerous neighbourhoods), many parenting programs have incorporated components that provide support for parents» self - care (e.g. depression, birth - control planning), marital functioning and / or economic self - sufficiency (e.g. improving educational, occupational and housing resources).8, 13,14 This trend to broaden the scope of «parenting» programs mirrors recent findings on early predictors of low - income children's social and emotional skills.

When a mom receives good support during birth and early postpartum, she's more likely to attach well to her baby — and this decreases the risk of infant mortality and early child abuse and neglect.

During this time you may have visits with the birth family of the infant you plan to adopt, have several visits of increasing length with a child in the foster care system, or begin making travel arrangements to bring home the child you plan to adopt internationally.