Sentences with phrase «infected cells produce»

In this way, the researchers have made the infected cells produce a fluorescent protein that is easy to spot in a microscope.

With the use of this method, described in an article published today in Scientific Reports, it is possible to make virus - infected cells produce just about any protein desired.

This method can make infected cells produce fluorescent proteins, which means that they light up and become easier to identify.

Not exact matches

Thirty years ago he engineered a bacterial strain to produce an HIV enzyme so he could study how it enables HIV to infect human cells.

The molecule — called VCP — is a component of the infected cell rather than a substance produced by the virus itself.

These nanoparticles distinguish between healthy cells and bacteria - infected cells by the electric charges each produces.

Despite the presumed virulence of the strain — experiments with mouse lungs showed it produces 1000 times more bacteria in infected cells than do standard varieties — Valway says the number of TB cases that developed were kept in line with other typical outbreaks, which «shows that doing good contact investigations is important and preventative therapy works.»

Using human fetal «mini-brains» grown in 3 - D cultures, scientists determined that a specific protein produced by the Zika virus changes the properties of neural stem cells in the developing brain of an infected fetus, potentially causing microcephaly in newborns (Ki - Jun Yoon, abstract 103.06, see attached summary).

Human cells infected by the viruses produced the gene products, giving T cells an advance exposure to them.

By studying infected cells grown in a laboratory, the team found that a large number of CMV's genes help it hide from the immune system by allowing it to destroy many of the proteins produced by the body during virus infection and preventing them from activating immune cells to destroy the virus.

Cells infected by viruses begin the fight against the intruder by producing type I interferons.

She was particularly intrigued by evidence that the viral protein crucial for infecting cells is only produced when the cell's machinery misreads the viral DNA; otherwise, the gene produces a «decoy» protein that is secreted.

This made it possible for their immune systems to produce sufficient amounts of CD8 T cells that were primed to attack and kill HIV - infected cells.

The new study revives suspicions that adenoviruses cause an immune «own goal», priming people's immune systems to produce CD4 cells — the very cells that HIV prefers to infect — and, worse still, to direct those cells to the parts of the body that are most vulnerable to the virus during sex.

Rowland - Jones has also found strong cell - mediated immunity in a group of Gambian prostitutes who are regularly exposed to HIV yet do not become infected or produce antibodies to HIV.

If cells were infected with an influenza A mutant lacking NS1, they proceeded to produce large number of the molecular complexes required for RNAi, which include a protein called Argonaute that slices through the target gene.

Infected cells immediately began producing unnaturally high quantities of the interleukin.

These jumping genes behave like retroviruses, except that they never produce the protein coats that allow retroviruses to leave one cell and go to infect another.

Among the protagonists are B cells, which produce antibody molecules able to neutralize pathogens or mark them for destruction, and T cells, which prompt infected cells to kill themselves or secrete chemicals that direct the activities of other immune players.

«These infected cells go into a resting state and stop producing HIV, but these latent cells can wake up and start making infectious HIV.

Investigators from the National Institutes of Health have discovered that cells from HIV - infected people whose virus is suppressed with treatment harbor defective HIV DNA that can nevertheless be transcribed into a template for producing HIV - related proteins.

Any mouse cells infected with the virus would produce both viral proteins and egg proteins, thus arousing antibodies that would attack proteins on the mouse eggs.

It makes copies of the virus» genetic material — the viral RNA — to package into new viruses that can infect other cells; and it reads out the instructions in that genetic material to make viral messenger RNA, which directs the infected cell to produce the proteins the virus needs.

Researchers at Protein Sciences Corporation, a small biotech in Meriden, Connecticut, genetically modified a virus that infects caterpillar cells to produces hemagglutinin, a coat protein of the influenza virus that triggers antibodies.

If this were disabled, then the parasite would produce just one PfEMP1 protein, allowing the immune system to swing into action and destroy infected cells.

To create the maps, Spruston and HHMI neuroscientist Jayaram Chandrashekar injected mouse brains with viruses that infect only a few cells at a time, prompting them to produce fluorescent proteins.

With Smc5 / 6 gone, new viral particles can then be produced to infect neighbouring cells.

The kahrp gene produces a protein that causes red blood cells, which are normally smooth, to develop a knobby appearance when infected with malaria.

The researchers noticed that in highly infected mice, NK cells produced IL - 10 about 3.5 days into the infection — days later than when they'd produce IFN - gamma, a protein that helps to mount, rather than defuse, the immune system response.

Not only does it reveal details on how the virus quickly infects immune cells in the gut, using them as virus - producing factories, but it also highlights where the virus «hides out» deep within the intestinal tissue.

When a latently infected cell is reactivated, the cell begins to produce HIV again.

Frequently, a virus will infect an epithelial cell, which compared with a nerve cells are «real virus factories,» says Schiffer: They produce massive amounts of virus that can infect other nearby epithelial cells and can presumably also infect sexual partners.

Professor Spano explained: «Dormant CD4 T cells infected with HIV are not actively producing HIV: they are latently infected.

«There are two types of T cells — CD8 and CD4 — which battle invading pathogens,» explains lead author Pablo Penaloza - MacMaster, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow in the Barouch laboratory and Instructor of Medicine at HMS «The CD8 T cells take the lead in eliminating virally infected cells while the CD4 «helper» T cells function indirectly, serving to bolster the responses of both CD8 T cells and antibody - producing B cells.»

They observed similar results in ART - controlled, HIV - infected patients who had undergone elective abdominal surgery: their SVF samples are positive for HIV DNA, and the researchers could show the presence of infected and virus - producing cells within the patients» adipose tissue and more specifically among adipose CD4 + T cells.

The researchers used lysin, a protein antibody typically produced by a virus after it has infected and hijacked a host cell's machinery to replicate.

Vaccines work by exposing the body to the disease - causing agent or a fragment of it, which primes the immune system to produce a flood of antibodies that stick to the infecting organism and block it from entering cells.

One gene produces a protein known to help the parasite infect red blood cells and is already under study as a target for a vaccine.

Binding to the family of NOD - like receptors triggers the assembly of large protein signaling complexes called inflammasomes, leading infected cells to die and produce inflammatory mediators.

But because the replicon does not produce whole viruses and their attendant envelope proteins, researchers can not use it to determine how HCV infects cells — a critical question that has frustrated all comers.

It is caused by the Epstein - Barr virus (EBV), which infects B cells (B - lymphocytes), producing a reactive lymphocytosis and the atypical T cells (T - lymphocytes).

They discovered that vaccinia produces two proteins right after it infects a cell.

«A small fraction of people living with HIV can naturally produce exceptionally powerful and broad antibodies that could prevent HIV from infecting their immune cells, but not until several years post-infection — long after that protection can help them.

In addition, consistent with past studies, AAV2 - infected cancer cells produced more Ki - 67, an immunity system activating protein and c - Myc, a protein that helps both to increase cell growth and induce apoptosis.

The body, in return, produces an immune response that attacks virally infected cervical cancer cells.

Infects human brain primary glioma explant cells, producing persistant low levels of virus.

But when they mutated the HIV - 1 and HIV - 2 capsids, the dendritic cells produced immune responses without getting infected by the viruses.

Peptide stimulation of T cells from Cbl - b − / − infected mice were similar in their ability to produce IFN - γ relative to WT controls (Fig. 5D), as previously seen in mice injected with a low dose of LCMV Docile (37).

Some act as guard dogs that raise the alarm when they detect invading viruses; others kill virus - infected cells directly, or help B cells to produce antibodies.

When EBV infects human immune cells, a protein produced by the virus — EBNA2 — recruits human proteins called transcription factors to bind to regions of both the EBV genome and the cell's own genome.