Sentences with phrase «infects cells of the immune system»

HIV is a unique human RNA virus, capable of infecting cells of the immune system.

«HIV - 1 infects cells of the immune system called CD4 + T cells,» the authors further explain.

Not exact matches

And a new analysis of the STEP trial, published last November in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, provides a warning that the very vectors (adenoviruses, which are also employed in other vaccine development work) used to distribute the inactive HIV strains can actually make the immune system more vulnerable to infection by recruiting susceptible T cells to mucous membranes, where they are more likely to be infected during sexual activity.

Thomas speculated that as many as 10 percent of T cell receptors are outliers that help the immune system recognize and rapidly respond to mutations that might otherwise help virus - infected cells and other threats delay detection.

The immune system depends on molecules called T cell receptors on the surface of T cells to recognize and respond to foreign antigens from virus - infected cells, tumors and other threats.

«We hypothesized that individual mutations in viral genes could be expected to have a range of effects on the virus's ability to replicate, to infect new cells and escape the immune system,» Carlson says.

An unknown component of breast milk appears to kill HIV particles and virus - infected cells, as well as blocking HIV transmission in mice with a human immune system.

In the presence of Acinetobacter and Akkermansia, they became a particular type of T helper cell, which trigger inflammation and help the immune system kill off invaders or infected cells, the researchers report today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

By studying infected cells grown in a laboratory, the team found that a large number of CMV's genes help it hide from the immune system by allowing it to destroy many of the proteins produced by the body during virus infection and preventing them from activating immune cells to destroy the virus.

Then it infects various cells of the immune system, which it tricks into making more copies of itself.

Dr. Cripe and his colleagues at The Ohio State University, the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center tested how well the oncolytic viral therapy — a cancer - killing form of the herpes simplex virus, called oHSV — infected and killed tumor cells in mice with and without a healthy immune system.

Epigenetic therapies are thought to work in two ways to fix these errors in cancer cells — by correcting the «position» of the gene switches and by making the cell appear as though it's infected by a virus, triggering the immune system.

This made it possible for their immune systems to produce sufficient amounts of CD8 T cells that were primed to attack and kill HIV - infected cells.

The new study revives suspicions that adenoviruses cause an immune «own goal», priming people's immune systems to produce CD4 cells — the very cells that HIV prefers to infect — and, worse still, to direct those cells to the parts of the body that are most vulnerable to the virus during sex.

When pathogens infect the cells of the body, the infection sets off a chain reaction involving the immune system that changes the activity, or expression, of hundreds of genes.

And a new analysis of the stopped STEP trial, published online Monday in Proceedings in the National Academy of Sciences, provides a warning that the very vectors (adenoviruses, which are also employed in other vaccine development) used to distribute the inactive HIV strains can actually prime the immune system to be infected by recruiting susceptible T cells to mucous membranes, where they are more likely to be infected during sexual activity.

These cells are highly specialized guardians of the immune system and their role is to kill cells infected by a virus, damaged cells, or cancer cells.

The puzzle, however, has been the failure of the immune system to recognise the alien PfEMP1 protein and destroy the infected cells.

The findings upend the long - held scientific belief that only cells, known specifically as dendritic cells, infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis could stimulate a broader, defensive immune system attack of the invading microorganism.

Because the antigens were the only possible source of TB exposure, Dr. Srivastava says, antigen transfer from infected dendritic cells had to be the avenue for their absorption by other immune system cells in the lymph nodes.

Of course, it makes sense that viruses would choose to turn off genes that the immune system needs to fight the virus, «like interferon - b, which is a highly anti-viral gene expressed in virtually all cell types; or genes that T cells need to recognize virus - infected cells,» Kuss - Duerkop says.

They lie dormant and can not be eliminated by anti-retroviral therapy, nor by the weakened immune system, so that if treatment is stopped at any time, the virus starts to replicate and infect more cells again, while the immune system can not suppress this rebound of HIV infection.

This study showed how HIV attempts, but fails, to productively infect most of the immune system's CD4 T cells.

In most cases, infected epithelial cells are quickly killed by CD8 + cells, a type of white blood cells; only occasionally does the infection overwhelm the immune system, resulting in a lesion.

Aspergillus usually infects people with weakened lungs or immune systems, and is too big for a neutrophil to ingest, so the immune cells use their nets to deliver a concentrated dose of toxins.

Because they carry mutations in a key immune system gene, many of these cells are infected with flu viruses (green).

Vaccines work by exposing the body to the disease - causing agent or a fragment of it, which primes the immune system to produce a flood of antibodies that stick to the infecting organism and block it from entering cells.

Genome studies show that several such viruses, including one that infects mouse mammary cells and has been linked to cancer, have something in common — a sequence of DNA similar to that found in immune system cells.

Johannes Scheid, a student in Nussenzweig's lab, isolated it several years ago from an HIV - infected patient whose immune system had an exceptional ability to neutralize HIV in the blood by preventing the virus from infecting and destroying a specific type of immune cells, called CD4 cells, in patients.

Last fall, a team in the United Kingdom announced the development of a «kick and kill» drug that they claimed would be able to draw HIV out of inactive cells and stimulate the immune system against infected cells.

«By modifying the capsid of a virus, we could engineer a virus that is both better recognized by the immune system and that has also lost its ability to infect cells,» Manel says.

For HIV to develop into full - blown AIDS, the virus must deplete a subset of immune cells called CD4 + T cells, disabling an infected person's adaptive immune system in the process.

A new UC San Francisco study has shown that a cancer - killing («oncolytic») virus currently in clinical trials may function as a cancer vaccine — in addition to killing some cancer cells directly, the virus alerts the immune system to the presence of a tumor, triggering a powerful, widespread immune response that kills cancer cells far outside the virus - infected region.

He will now investigate a set of molecules called TLR agonists that act through receptors on the surfaces of innate immune cells to set off a chain reaction of molecular signaling and activation within the immune system, which includes activation of latently infected CD4 cells.

To eliminate HIV latency, scientists are exploring a «shock and kill» strategy that would use a combination of drugs to wake up the dormant virus, then act with the body's own immune system to eliminate the virus and kill infected cells.

The external face of the flavivirus NS1 protein (sugars in grey balls) is exposed on infected cell surfaces where it can interact with the immune system.

Natural killer (NK) cells, the «rapid response» cells of the innate immune system, can kill virally infected cells and thereby slow down an infection until antigen - specific and clonally - expanded cytotoxic T cells can be recruited to finish the job.

«Normally, the immune system will quickly recognize and act upon potential threats such as virally infected cells,» says Axel Nimmerjahn, assistant professor in Salk's Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center and senior author of the new paper.

The researchers discovered that NS1 has a 3D structure with two distinct sides, one facing the replication system of the virus inside cells it infects and the other facing the immune system outside infected cells.

It is not the replication of the virus that kills liver cells, causing liver damage, but it is the response of your immune system killing these infected liver cells.

The spirochete infects the B - lymphocyte cells of the immune system, the very cells that are supposed to produce antibodies to fight the infection, therefore paralyzing the immune system.

T α 1 assists the immune system in the location and eradication of the Lyme bacteria and infected cells, while helping to prevent oxidative damage, thereby decreasing inflammation and enabling better quality of life throughout treatment.

Inflammation rapidly blossomed in the sedentary, infected animals, as their immune systems pumped out high numbers of cells that promote inflammation.

FIV preferentially infects white blood cells which are an essential part of a cat's immune system.

The disease results in proteins that can enter membranes of infected cells making them susceptible to immune system attack.

The primary result of a Babesia infection is anemia as the immune system destroys infected red blood cells, but Babesia can have other effects throughout the body as well.

Over time, our veterinarians assessed the dogs and discovered a range of health issues, such as broken teeth, a variety of orthopedic issues and (worst of all) babesia, a malaria - like parasite that infects red blood cells, causes infection flare - ups, tanks the immune system and overall makes dogs sick with flu - like symptoms.

Remember, the goal of using oseltamivir is to minimize the amount of virus in the patient so that the immune system will have an easier job eradicating the infected cells.

When the virus infects these areas the lining of the intestine literally dies, the bone marrow can not make red or white blood cells in adequate quantity, and the immune system can become impaired.