Sentences with phrase «infects humans by»

The cholera bacterium, Vibrio cholerae, infects humans by releasing a protein called the «cholera toxin.»

Streptococcal bacteria may infect humans by using a bacterial enzyme to «hijack» the blood - clotting system, according to new research by Howard Hughes Medical Institute scientists.

Some types of hookworms can infect humans by penetrating the skin, or by direct ingestion.

Not exact matches

What an American doctor trained on the mainland might see as a case of the flu could actually be Chikungunya, a viral disease transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes.

The democracy of desire can not provide a satisfactory basis for the criticism of undemocratic forms of social class, for it is infected by the same subpersonal assumptions which render these modes of human classification offensive.

It occured by humans eating infected bushmeat.

By analysing samples of the two different subtypes of HIV - 2 (A and B) taken from infected individuals and SIV samples taken from sooty mangabeys, Dr Vandamme concluded that subtype A had passed into humans around 1940 and subtype B in 1945 (plus or minus 16 years or so).

I am hoping to have a progressive home and raise my daughter to be open and aware, but I do not think I will allow someone elses child into my home to possibly infect or abuse my daughter... He could certainly be a great guy, or he could not be... He could be a bad guy who could change my daughter by hurting her in many different ways... Sex is sex, but another human being being raised by some one you do not know could potentially be harmful... Even if I know the other childs mother or father... the other child could be not so good at heart... I will just raise my child to focus on herself and her future and her education and wants, needs, likes, and dislikes before jumping in the bed with some body who could hit her, impregnat her, or give her an STD: S

What does trouble me is BPI's use of a raw material which by its very nature is highly pathogenic, such that we all might be endangered in the case of human error (as when BPI's ammonia system stopped working for sixty seconds in 2009, leading to 26,000 + pounds of infected meat)(http://nyti.ms/56MIYK) or a new strain of E coli — not part of BPI's admirably advanced testing protocol — emerges (as one did in Germany last summer, killing 345 and sickening 3,700 +.)

When a human host is bitten by an infected mosquito, the parasite (Plasmodium) enters the blood and lays inactive in the liver.

Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which, in different forms, infects both humans and insects.

West Nile is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes that have bitten infected birds.

By that time inadequate controls meant infected beef had been in the human food chain for years, and there were fears of a mass plague of agonising, invariably fatal vCJD.

An Australian research team, however, recently reached a milestone when it became the first to screen and catalogue all of the genes activated by a BSL4 pathogen when it infects human cells.

Only humans are infected by guinea worm, and the larvae die within months if no one swallows the water fleas carrying them.

Using human fetal «mini-brains» grown in 3 - D cultures, scientists determined that a specific protein produced by the Zika virus changes the properties of neural stem cells in the developing brain of an infected fetus, potentially causing microcephaly in newborns (Ki - Jun Yoon, abstract 103.06, see attached summary).

Human cells infected by the viruses produced the gene products, giving T cells an advance exposure to them.

Benzoquinoline was also effective against vesicular stomatitis virus from the rhabdovirus family, which can infect insects, cattle, horses and pigs, and Zika virus, which is spread to humans by mosquitoes.

It didn't take long for one infected plant to infect thousands — never through the air, never through insects, but simply by human propagation,» says Bill Zettler, a plant pathologist at University of Florida.

GOING VIRAL The diversity of viruses carried by such animals as rhesus macaques (one shown) hints at the number of viruses capable of infecting humans that are yet to be discovered.

The study, led by Nancy J. Cox of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention describes a molecular analysis of the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infecting humans in several parts of the world.

Human placental cell line Jeg - 3 can be readily infected by a circulating strain of Zika virus (left panel) and completely protected by treatment with nanchangmycin (right panel).

Now a research team, led by investigators at the Duke Human Vaccine Institute and the Vaccine Research Center of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), has tracked rare potent antibodies in an HIV - infected individual and determined sequential structures that point to how they developed.

The most serious forms of the disease are caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, but other related species (Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae) can also infect humans.

This surely contributes to the rarity or nonexistence of human - to - human transmission of rabies (acquired by the bite of an infected dog or bat); cat - scratch disease (which causes skin lesions and swollen lymph nodes); tularemia (a disease, often acquired when hunting and cutting up an infected rabbit, that can cause skin ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, and fever); and BSE (probably acquired by eating the nervous system tissue of infected cows).

The bacteria can be spread to humans through the consumption of infected milk, beef and produce fertilized by cow manure.

In the present study conducted at IDOR in conjunction with UFRJ, the research team observed that ZIKV infects human - derived iPS neural cells, neurospheres and cerebral organoids causing cell death, malformations and reducing growth by 40 %.

By connecting distant places, meanwhile, globalization permits the long - distance transfer of microbes along with their insect vectors and their human victims, as evidenced not only by the spread of HIV around the world, but also by North American cases of cholera and SARS brought by infected passengers on jet flights from South America and Asia, respectivelBy connecting distant places, meanwhile, globalization permits the long - distance transfer of microbes along with their insect vectors and their human victims, as evidenced not only by the spread of HIV around the world, but also by North American cases of cholera and SARS brought by infected passengers on jet flights from South America and Asia, respectivelby the spread of HIV around the world, but also by North American cases of cholera and SARS brought by infected passengers on jet flights from South America and Asia, respectivelby North American cases of cholera and SARS brought by infected passengers on jet flights from South America and Asia, respectivelby infected passengers on jet flights from South America and Asia, respectively.

The researchers tested that idea by infecting newborn mice (which developmentally resemble a human fetus) with different lab - made versions of Zika.

It's very unlikely that she was infected by a bite by a mosquito that first bit her husband; the three tropical Aedes mosquito species known to transmit Zika don't live in northern Colorado, and moreover, the virus has to complete a 2 - week life cycle within the insect before it can infect the next human; Foy's wife fell ill just 9 days after his return.

Cartan - Hansen described the importance of the research in determining whether the outbreak of white nose syndrome had reached southwestern Idaho (there was no evidence of it in the power plant building), and she noted that humans can spread the disease by transporting the fungus on their shoes and clothing from caves harboring infected bats.

This will provide information that could be used to illuminate how malaria — a disease which causes more than half a million deaths a year — is spread from human to human by parasite - infected female mosquitoes which bite people to feed on blood they need in order to reproduce.

-- Hyperimmune globulin, prepared by purifying and concentrating plasma of immunized animals or previously infected humans with high titers (concentrations) of neutralizing antibody against Ebola virus, which have been shown to be protective in monkeys but are not currently available and would not be expected before mid-2015.

In a study published in PLOS ONE today, a team of researchers led by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine show for the first time that female mosquitoes infected with malaria parasites are significantly more attracted to human odour than uninfected mosquitoes.

G.W.'s Davis is part of a project researching the disease schistosomiasis (a.k.a. snail fever or swimmer's itch), a blood parasite transmitted to humans by snails; people can get it by swimming or wading in contaminated fresh water when infected snails release larvae that can penetrate the skin.

For example, through direct contact with the food or with an infected pet; through contact with contaminated household surfaces; or by eating cross-contaminated human food.

Such homologies have been found by computer searches in which decapeptides in two human myelin proteins were compared with proteins of viruses known to infect humans.

This is the first report of the virus in birds, although pig herds in several countries have been infected, presumably by human - to - swine transmission.

A radio - labeled human antibody binds to the viral gp41 protein expressed on the surface of the HIV - infected human lymphocyte and the cell is killed by alpha radiation delivered by the antibody.

For decades, researchers believed only primates — humans, chimpanzees and a few species of monkeys — could be infected by HAV.

When a human is bitten by a rabid dog, they may become infected, but as the disease can not transmit from human - to - human, the disease hits a dead end.

Goodrum seeks to uncover the mechanisms by which human cytomegalovirus — a herpesvirus that infects many people — establishes its lifelong latent infection.

The flu vaccine works by exposing the body to parts of inactivated flu from the three major different types of flu that infect humans, prompting the immune system to develop antibodies against these viruses.

«The paper doesn't prove that it's beneficial for humans to mutate their own DNA when they are infected by viruses, but it's an interesting possibility.»

Using a combination of human or specially engineered mouse cells in vitro and in vivo animal models, study senior investigator Judy Lieberman, MD, PhD; study lead investigator Farokh Dotiwala, PhD, with a team lead by the Brazilian parasitologist Ricardo Gazzinelli, DSc, DVM, found that when an immune killer cell, such as a T - cell or natural killer (NK) cell, encounters a cell infected with any of three intracellular parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii or Leishmania major), it releases three proteins that together kill both the parasite and the infected cell:

Then, by placing surface proteins of each HCV virus onto these pseudoviruses, the researchers were able to efficiently infect human cells with the HCV strains in tissue culture.

In the current study, Vanderbilt researchers led by graduate student Andrew Flyak, the paper's first author, used a high - efficiency method they developed to quickly isolate and generate large quantities of monoclonal human antibodies from the blood of survivors of a 2007 outbreak in Uganda who were infected by the Bundibugyo ebolavirus.

But even if XMRV is not a threat to human health, the fact that a retrovirus that can readily infect human cells was apparently generated by chance in the lab raises some interesting and potentially troubling issues.

In a letter published in the cancer journal Annals of Oncology, researchers led by Professor Jean - Philippe Spano, head of the medical oncology department at Pitie - Salpetriere Hospital AP - HP in Paris, France, report that while treating an HIV - infected lung cancer patient with the cancer drug nivolumab, they observed a «drastic and persistent decrease» in the reservoirs of cells in the body where the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is able to hide away from attack by anti-retroviral therapy.

HIV - infected humans actually have very few virus particles in their bloodstream, and should a mosquito suck one up, it gets killed by the mosquito's digestive system.