Sentences with phrase «inferred temperature»

The «hockey stick» is an iconic graph of inferred temperature data, see below.

Plotted are the inferred temperature estimates based on the coexistence approach (Mosbrugger and Utescher, 1997).

Tree growth and inferred temperature variability at the North American Arctic treeline.

Each Lemur can infer temperature, pressure, and humidity by listening for GPS signals across the horizon.

From these signals, they can infer temperature, pressure, and humidity at various altitudes.

Daniel Fahrenheit spent many years investigating ways of using expanding materials to infer temperatures.

It uses observations of materials expanding as a basis for inferring temperatures, which can not be observed directly.

I've been wondering what experts think of this new study of tree growth responses and inferred temperatures in Scandinavia?

But yes, the 18O / 16O ratio is one of several methods that is used to infer temperature.

But for years prior to that, scientists can only infer temperatures using what's called «proxies,» such as ice cores or tree rings, whose annual growth can be correlated with annual temperature variations.

They measure brightness and INFER temperature.

Mears and others said that the satellite measurements should not be taken seriously because they only infer the temperature from measurements of radio emissions by Oxygen molecules - AND - that these final numbers never match actual temperature measurements made over land and water (ground stations as well as radiosonde).

Part of the science of reconstruction claims that tree rings viewed in the cross-section of specific trees can be used to infer temperatures in the past.

Just a straight - forward discussion of the resolution of the data and their validity of the paper for inferring temperature trends in the 20th century.

Except when satellites are inferring temperature from microwave sounding units, in which case the fixed locations on the surface taking direct measurements with thermometers have had their real data manipulated to achieve a desired result.

Instead, satellites measure radiation across various wavelengths and infer temperatures from these using a mathematical algorithm.

Despite these successes in linking variations in greenhouse gas concentrations to climate change in the geologic past, the oxygen isotope palaeotemperature record from 600 Myr ago to the present displays notable intervals for which inferred temperatures and pCO2 levels are not correlated1.

Since December 1978, microwave sounding units on satellites have produced data which can be used to infer temperatures in the troposphere.

Not exact matches

This may affect the ability to infer which thermoregulatory variables are being monitored in the presently proposed anticipatory regulation model, because it is the timing of the changes in work rate that is essential, and rectal temperature may not provide the necessary resolution of measurement.

The different dependence on temperature and density of the recombination lines and the collision lines allows us to infer that the metal rich component is a much colder and denser gas than the major fraction of the gas in the nebula.

, Rischling Predicting 1 - Predicting for a Graph, JRM, c. 1972 Measuring - Estimation and Comparisions Using the Metric System, Dennis Stages in Life Cycles Plant Exercise - Describing Growth from Parts of Plants, Rischling Measuring Volumes and the Solid, Liquid and Gaseous States of Matter, Smith Observing Animal Motion and Responses to Stimuli, Smith Classifying 6 - Kinds of Living Things in an Aquarium, Margate Many Kinds of Trees, JRM, c. 1972 Using Space / Time Relationships - Symmetry and Shapes of Animals, Gillis, c. 1972 Measuring - Temperature and Thermometers, Livermore Predicting 2 - Surveying Opinion, Dennis, c. 1972 SAPA Part C 2nd Draft, 1972 Classifying - Kinds of Living Things in a Terrarium, Troyer Predicting 2 - Syrveying Opinion, Dennis Predicting 1 - Predicting for a Graph, Mayor Measuring Forces with Springs, Smith Observing Animal Motion and Responses to Stimuli, Mayor Measuring Volumes and the Solid, Liquid and Gaseous States of Matter, Smith Measuring - Temperature and Thermometes, Livermore Classifying 9 - Components of Mixtures, Livermore Inferring 2 - How Certain Can You Be?

Measuring - Temperature and Thermometers Classifying Components of Mixtures Predicting - Surveying Opinion SAPA Part C, Directions for the Multiplication Game SAPA Part C and E, Multiplication Game SAPA Part D 1st Draft, c. 1972 The Whirling Dervish The Bouncing Ball The Effect of Liquid on Living Tissue Rate of Change Observing Growth from Seeds An Intro to Scales Forces on Static and Moving Objects Observations and Inferences Using Punch Cards to Record a Classification Using Maps to Describe Location A Tree Diary SAPA Part D 2nd Draft Observations and Inferences The Bouncing Ball Rate of Change A Tree Diary An Intro to Scales and Scaling Observing Growth from Seeds (The Bean - It Came Up) Forces on Static and Moving Objects Using Punch Cards to Record a Classification Relative Position and Motion Inferring - The Water Cycle Predicting 4 - The Suffocating Candle The Big Cleanup Campaign 2 - D Representation of Spatial Figures Using Maps to Describe Location SAPA Part D Tryout Draft, 1972 Observations and Inferences The Bouncing Ball Measuring Drop by Drop Rate of Change Predicting 4 - The Suffocating Candle Forces on Static and Movign Objects Observing Growth from Seeds Using Space / Time Relationships -2-D Representation of Spatial Figures Using Punch Cards to Record a Classification An Introduction to Scales and Scaling The Effect of Liquid on Living Tissue Inferring - The Water Cycle Relative Position and Motion Using Maps to Describe Location The Big Cleanup Campaign A Tree Diary SAPA II Module (s), c. 1973 1, Tentative Format Sample, Perception of Color 9, Sets and Their Members 6, Direction and Movement, Draft 34, About How Far?

Wergin and Erbe have used their low - temperature scanning electron microscope to infer what happens when falling ice crystals run into fogs of supercooled water droplets on their way down, a common occurrence.

It The plane carries a laser instrument that measures changes in the ice elevation, a high - resolution camera system to image the surface, and an instrument to infer the surface temperature.

But, in fact, those tiny temperature differences are exactly what allow us to infer the Hubble Constant through this cosmic technique.»

«The simple relationship between the temperature and the global land carbon sink should be treated with caution, and not be used to infer ecological processes and long - term predictions» adds Dr. Reichstein, head of the Department.

«What we can infer is that temperature in the northern latitudes is not what's limiting their spread,» says Ignasi Bartomeus, a researcher at Spain's Estación Biológica de Doñana in Seville, who was not involved in the study.

In Australia and Europe, direct links to global warming have been inferred through the extreme nature of high temperatures and heat waves accompanying recent droughts.

They then infer a higher temperature sensitivity to changes in radiance over this cycle and conclude that maybe 0.1 K temperature increase would be possible due to the variation in solar radiance, or about 30 % (if you push it) of the total temperature anomaly over this period.

The temperature responses in reconstructions from the past millenium can be reproduced (approximately) without inferring novel solar mechanisms: therefore, they can not be used as evidence for novel solar mechnisms.

Fu, Q., C.M. Johanson, S.G. Warren, and D.J. Seidel, 2004: Contribution of stratospheric cooling to satellite - inferred tropospheric temperature trends.

Our effective temperature scale is between 0 - 200 K cooler than that expected from the Infrared Flux Method, depending on the adopted extinction map, which provides evidence for a lower value on average than that inferred for the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC).

By dispersing the starlight, the spectrographs allowed the researchers to measure the physical properties of a star — such as mass, radius and temperature — and infer the properties of any planets orbiting it.

«The conditions of hydrothermal alteration inferred by analogy with experiments, especially temperature, are at odds with the

For true disks, both the dust temperatures inferred from the SEDs and the disk radii estimated from the images suggest that the dust is nearly as cold as a blackbody.

This seminar will explore the concepts of climate and Earth system sensitivity, the methods and records of paleo - temperature and paleo - carbon dioxide proxies in the Cenozoic, and the statistical challenges of inferring sensitivities from these proxies.

Geothermometers help scientists determine the temperatures experienced by magmas and rocks as they cool, and infer how rapidly the cooling occurred.

u «The conditions of hydrothermal alteration inferred by analogy with experiments, especially temperature, are at odds with the [observed] mineralogy and preservation of volatile organic compounds.»

These provide the range of fingerprint magnitudes (e.g., for the combined temperature response to different aerosol forcings) that are consistent with observed climate change, and can therefore be used to infer the likely range of forcing that is consistent with the observed record.

From there, they inferred the consensus temperature change and the degree of certainty about the change, Cressie, the author of two books on spatial statistics, told LiveScience in an email.

Blockage might be inferred by comparing the temperature of the inlet hose to the heater core versus the outlet hose.

For example, due to the lack of ocean data, secondary data is often used to infer what the ocean is doing — thus, the AMO analysis relies not on ocean temperature measurements, but rather on air pressure measurements as a proxy for ocean behavior — iffy at best.

-LSB-...] We conclude that the world has already overshot appropriate targets for GHG amount and global temperature, and we thus infer an urgent need for....

Fu Q, Johanson CM, Warren SG, and Seidel DJ 2004: Contribution of stratospheric cooling to satellite - inferred tropospheric temperature trends.

It is true that the Quality Control (QC) flag on the retrieval was set whenever the inferred ozone level dropped below 180 Dobson Units [1 DU is equivalent to a 0.01 mm thick pure ozone layer at standard temperature and pressure].

A metric I would like to see is the average density of the Greenland ice sheet and from that infer an average temperature.

They measure temperature in very large segments of the atmosphere, and the «T2LT» channel for the lower troposphere is * inferred * from the data of those other channels by attempting to correct for the stratospheric influence and other factors.

Just thinking out loud (and I only know enough to be dangerous;), but with IR radiation mapping during winter, one might be able to infer a sub-surface temperature profile and compare that with mass loss and ice sheet thickness.

The rates in these two terrestrial records are comparable to those in Greenland ice cores, but the actual temperatures inferred apply to the terrestrial environments of the two regions.

I thus believe that to this day global mean temperature can not be measured but only inferred.