The scholars who study Islamic culture today point out that the chief factors which have influenced contemporary Arab Muslim society are: the Western
ideas which penetrated Arab society through
education and increased contact with the West, socialist concepts which have spread throughout the world, communist doctrines which challenge religion in general, the expansion of university
education, the admission of Muslim women to higher
education, the study of ancient and modern philosophy in the universities, and the modern Muslim movements which have been so
influential.