Sentences with phrase «initiation factor eif2»

mTORC1 is the central component of the insulin - signaling cascade [insulin / insulin - like growth factor (IGF)-- phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase (PI3K) pathway)(Fig. 1) that regulates protein synthesis and mRNA translation through 2 primary mechanisms: 1) inactivation of the repressor of mRNA translation, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein 1 (eIF4E - BP1), and 2) the activation of 70 - kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase.

They showed genetically that there was an additional response coming from the transcription factor — Forkhead box O (Foxo)-- which in turn enhances the transcription of one of the translational regulators: eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein (4E - BP).

Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β - peptide; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Ambra1, activating molecule in Beclin -1-regulated autophagy; AMPK, AMP - activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid precursor protein; AR, androgen receptor; Atg, autophagy - related; AV, autophagic vacuole; Bcl, B - cell lymphoma; BH3, Bcl - 2 homology 3; CaMKKβ, Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase kinase β; CHMP2B, charged multivesicular body protein 2B; CMA, chaperone - mediated autophagy; 2 ′ 5 ′ ddA, 2 ′, 5 ′ - dideoxyadenosine; deptor, DEP - domain containing mTOR - interacting protein; DRPLA, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy; 4E - BP1, translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein - 1; Epac, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK1 / 2, extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 1/2; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FAD, familial AD; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FIP200, focal adhesion kinase family - interacting protein of 200 kDa; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FTD3, FTD linked to chromosome 3; GAP, GTPase - activating protein; GR, guanidine retinoid; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; HD, Huntington's disease; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell; hVps, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting homologue; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IP3R, Ins (1,4,5) P3 receptor; I1R, imidazoline - 1 receptor; JNK1, c - Jun N - terminal kinase 1; LC3, light chain 3; LD, Lafora disease; L - NAME, NG - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester; LRRK2, leucine - rich repeat kinase 2; MIPS, myo - inositol -1-phosphate synthase; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; MND, motor neuron disease; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC, mTOR complex; MVB, multivesicular body; NAC, N - acetylcysteine; NBR1, neighbour of BRCA1 gene 1; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase - 1; PD, Parkinson's disease; PDK1, phosphoinositide - dependent kinase 1; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 - kinase; PI3KC1a, class Ia PI3K; PI3KC3, class III PI3K; PI3KK, PI3K - related protein kinase; PINK1, PTEN - induced kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; polyQ, polyglutamine; PS, presenilin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10; Rag, Ras - related GTP - binding protein; raptor, regulatory - associated protein of mTOR; Rheb, Ras homologue enriched in brain; rictor, rapamycin - insensitive companion of mTOR; SBMA, spinobulbar muscular atrophy; SCA, spinocerebellar ataxia; SLC, solute carrier; SMER, small - molecule enhancer of rapamycin; SMIR, small - molecule inhibitor of rapamycin; SNARE, N - ethylmaleimide - sensitive factor - attachment protein receptor; SOD1, copper / zinc superoxide dismutase 1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TOR, target of rapamycin; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, UNC -51-like kinase 1; UVRAG, UV irradiation resistance - associated gene; VAMP, vesicle - associated membrane protein; v - ATPase, vacuolar H + - ATPase; Vps, vacuolar protein sorting

Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4a3 is a selenium - regulated RNA - binding protein that selectively inhibits selenocysteine incorporation.

For example, previous studies have shown that eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF4E) and cyclic AMP responsive element B (CREB) are known to be activated by radiation [37 - 40].

The translation initiation factor, eIF4E, is an indirect target of mTOR because it is released by phosphorylation of its repressor 4E - BP1 by mTOR - raptor complex, thereby stimulating cap - dependent translation (7, 11, 12).

Processes like growth arrest are activated and others, like Initiation factor, the starting process of protein production, are dramatically deactivated.

Here, we provide evidence that mTOR signaling phosphoproteins, including mTOR, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E — binding protein - 1, p70S6K, and ribosomal protein S6, are highly phosphorylated in ALK + ALCL cell lines and tumors.

We also show that a general repression of translation, mediated by the phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2 at serine 51 (P - eIF2α), is required to maintain the quiescent state.

Isolation of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe proteasome subunit Rpn7 and a structure - function study of the proteasome - COP9 - initiation factor domain.

BDNF induces translocation of initiation factor 4E to mRNA granules: evidence for a role of synaptic microfilaments and integrins.

The finding was a surprise because the protein is part of a larger assembly of proteins called eIF3 - eukaryotic initiation factor 3 — that has been known and studied for nearly 50 years, and no one suspected it's undercover role in the cell, Cate said.

Until now, this initiation protein was thought to be eIF4E (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E) for all mRNAs.

Gray and cyan ribbons, Mtb RNAP; yellow and orange ribbons, transcription initiation factor sigma; red and pink ribbons, DNA (specific sequence elements in blue).

The structure defines the interactions that RNA polymerase and the transcription initiation factor sigma make with DNA upstream of a gene.

subunit (black and gray) and a domain of the transcription initiation factor?

The team confirmed that guanabenz acts by temporarily blocking the reactivation of a protein known as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α).

Called eukaryotic translation initiation factor, or eIF2alpha - P, the gene generates a protein that needs to have a chemical grouping called a phosphate group attached to it to halt the protein production line.

«These RNA molecules will fold into shapes that appear to mimic some of the initiation factors that that you would find in eukaryotic translation,» he says.

Before, that protein was thought to be just one of a dozen or so general initiation factors required for mRNA translation.

Other studies have shown that soy protein is less effective for body builders than whey protein because its amino acids are more likely to go into splanchnic circulation (stomach, small intestines, colon, liver, pancreas and spleen) than into peripheral regions such as muscle tissues.4, 5 This makes sense because whey protein provides greater amounts of the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine and valine as well as more methionine and lysine, all of which are critically needed for muscle building.6 - 9 Researchers have also found the low BCAA content of soy protein adversely affects muscle building by disrupting both leucine signaling10 and the activation of myogenic translation initiation factors.

Not exact matches

In line to make his landmark mark for Wigan on Saturday, the 27 year old explained how his tough initiation into English football was one of the main factors in him reaching the unique milestone.

In a study that was done in 2001, titled Factors associated with Toilet Training in the 1990s done by Dr. R. Schum et al, AND another study done in 2003 titled Relationship between age at initiation of toilet training and duration of training: a prospective study by Blum NJ, Taubman B & Nemeth N show that while boys and girls often show readiness signals / behavior at similar ages, it has been shown that girls begin and complete potty training earlier than boys!

Several factors may have also improved results for women practising exclusive breastfeeding, such as interventions delivered with a face - to - face component, high background initiation rates of breastfeeding, lay support, and a specific schedule of four to eight contacts.

Factors that were significantly (P = 0 · 000) associated with both breast - feeding initiation and «any» breast - feeding at 6 weeks included mothers who were ≥ 35 years, educated to third level, reported positive postnatal encouragement to breast - feed from their partners and had a positive antenatal intention to breast - feed.

The purpose of our study was to determine whether breastfeeding rates in the UK were higher among mothers delivering in Baby Friendly accredited maternity units, using data from the Millennium Cohort Study.18 Specifically we assessed breastfeeding initiation and the prevalence of any breastfeeding at 1 month after adjustment for maternal factors known to influence a mother's decision to breastfeed.

Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants1, providing protection from morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases2 and chronic diseases later in life.3 Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended, starting within one hour of birth and for the first 6 months of life, with continued breastfeeding to 2 years of age and beyond.4 However, rates of initiation, exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding duration have fallen since the widespread introduction and promotion of breast - milk substitutes.5 Successful breastfeeding depends on a number of factors, including a re-normalisation of breastfeeding as the infant feeding method of choice through antenatal counselling and education and breastfeeding support to prevent and resolve breastfeeding difficulties.

To determine factors influencing feeding decisions, breastfeeding and / or bottle initiation rates, as well as breastfeeding duration.

This study identifies factors associated with the decision to breastfeed or bottle - feed and assesses initiation and duration of breastfeeding in patients in a family medicine center.

The biggest factor in breastfed babies having jaundice is actually poor breastfeeding initiation — in order to poop it out, they have to have good intake.

The study, «Risk Factor Changes for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome After Initiation of Back - to - Sleep Campaign,» published online March 26, examined SIDS deaths in San Diego from 1991 to 2008.

The proportion of other risk factors for SIDS changed relative to each other since the initiation of the Back - to - Sleep campaign, but virtually all SIDS infants had at least one risk factor.

The data indicate that there are several factors which affect the initiation (and duration) of breastfeeding.

The data indicate that there are several factors affecting breastfeeding initiation.

In this paper, the experiences of 19 women are explored to identify some of the factors that affect breastfeeding initiation.

Rooming - in, more than anything else, helps in proper initiation and maintenance of the breastfeeding that provides the baby with all the anti-infective factors, and this protects her from catching an infection.

Provision of mother's breast milk to infants within one hour of birth is referred to as «early initiation of breastfeeding» and ensures that the infant receives the colostrum, or «first milk», which is rich in protective factors.

The time is ripe for exploration of the factors that govern the initiation and rate of DNA synthesis in the intact cell and animal.

One such protein, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), impedes the initiation of coagulation.

T. H.: Back when I joined, my friends had just discovered that the binding of an initiator tRNA [transfer RNA] was the key for starting hemoglobin synthesis, and we fairly soon found out that all the inhibitory factors I had been studying in New York blocked this very initiation step.

According to Henry, the most important geographic factor affecting HPV vaccine initiation was the racial and ethnic composition of the community.

We need a better understanding of the patient and other factors that influence treatment initiation.»

«This is the first time we are able to robustly follow the Ebola fusion initiation in real time, and it will allow us to look at even more aspects of the process and cellular factors involved in the future,» says Spence.

The continued fall in transmission rates is thought to be due to a combination of factors including earlier initiation of antenatal combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and an increase in the number of women already on cART when they conceive.

XPD encodes one of the two helicase components of basal transcription / DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH), a ten - subunit, multifunctional complex that is essential for multiple processes, including basal transcription initiation and DNA damage repair via the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway [6,7].

The Center for Environmental and Molecular Carcinogenesis (CEMC) provides state - of - the - art technologies and an intellectual framework to foster multidisciplinary research into the environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors that influence the initiation and progression of cancer.

We distinghish three (overlapping) themes: (1) Basic neurbiological research investigating factors involved in the initiation and persistance of addictive behaviours, e.g. neurobiology of craving, neurocognitive deficits associated with pathological gambling, neurobiological predicors of treatment success.

Individual results may vary based on several factors, including severity of disease, initiation of treatment, and duration of therapy.

«The results suggest that such «master» regulatory factors could activate regions of the genome that are normally inactive, leading to the formation of organs during development, or the initiation of pathological changes in cells that lead to diseases such as cancer,» Taipale said.

in a middle - term, exploit the experimental systems established, to identify the direct causative factors (genetic, environmental, iatrogenic) involved in the initiation of chromosomal alterations and disease progression, and to identify new therapeutic targets;