Sentences with phrase «input conventional agriculture»

Comparing rotations of different production systems in Iran, Zarea et al. (2000) found the energy efficiency of organic agriculture to be 81 percent better compared to high - input conventional agriculture.

Not exact matches

Compared to conventional agriculture, N inputs are more expensive and more difficult to apply in organic agriculture, and this makes over-addition less likely, but there are still seasons (e.g. after spring inputs or after harvest) in which N losses can be problematic for the following reasons.

One estimate of the negative environmental externalities from conventional agriculture in the United States is derived from Pimentel et al. (1993) who estimated total indirect private and external (off - farm) costs of the use of synthetic pesticides at US$ 12.1 billion annually: this included the private input costs of US$ 4 billion and US$ 5 billion in environmental and health costs.

Organic agriculture has lower N2O emissions from nitrogen application, due to lower overall ni - trogen input per ha than in conventional agriculture (Mäder et al., 2002, Olesen et al. 2006).

Reversing soil carbon loss is a new green revolution where conventional agriculture is hitting a productivity barrier with exhausted soils and increasingly expensive inputs.