All antibiotics take advantage of the fact that there are many differences between the
enzymes inside a human cell and the enzymes inside a bacterium.
Cigarette smoke, for example, causes cancer by mutating
genes inside human cells called oncogenes, which encourage cells to multiply, and tumor - suppressor genes, which prevent them from multiplying.
The second, HAI, measures if antibodies can bind to HA and interrupt its association with a substance viruses use to
get inside human cells.
They produced the first report of the EcPlt's active
form inside human cells, describing how the chemical environment inside the cell caused the protein to change shape and activate.
American researchers have determined the three - dimensional structure of the enzyme HIV integrase, which the virus needs if it is to
multiply inside human cells.
In a paper published in November, working with MIT graduate student Jungmin Lee and chemistry professor Moungi Bawendi, the researchers showed that they could get quantum
dots inside human cells grown in the lab, without the particles becoming confined in endosomes or clumping together.
His laboratory discovered that some of the same RNA that is
inside human cells are also present in saliva and can be used to detect diseases — a surprising finding, he said, because enzymes in saliva can degrade RNA, making the mouth «a hostile environment.»
Wallach and his colleagues have shown these death domains can bind to one
another inside human cells, triggering cell suicide in the absence of TNF.
Dietitians Eleanor Whitney and Sharon R. Rolfes, authors of «Understanding Nutrition,» explain that once glucose is
inside a human cell, enzymes can split it into halves that can later be reconstituted into glucose.