Sentences with phrase «instrumental variable»

The effect of coresidence with an adult child on depressive symptoms among older widowed women in South Korea: An instrumental variable estimation

The dynamics of adolescent depression: an instrumental variable quantile regression with fixed effects approach.

To minimize bias from student sorting by instructors, I will use a course - set fixed effect model that compares between students who take exactly the same set of courses during their first semester of college enrollment; I will further augment the model by combining it with an instrumental variable approach which exploits term - by - term fluctuations in faculty composition in each department, therefore controlling for both between - and within - course sorting.

Selection bias was accounted for as extensively as possible — given the lack of an appropriate instrumental variable — through the inclusion of a number of control variables that are related to parental involvement and student performance.

We propose a two - stage instrumental variable estimator that is consistent if there is selective compliance in the treatment group of a randomized experiment and the outcome variable is a censored

International and interstate gaps in value - added math achievement: Multilevel instrumental variable analysis of age effect and grade effect

We also use a new instrumental variable, short - run fluctuations in the demand for schooling, to predict private schooling.

One analysis by Eric Eide and Nick Ronan uses an instrumental variable approach to estimate the effect of participating in high school sports on long - term outcomes, like educational attainment and earnings.

The outcome of the lottery, a random event, was used to create what statisticians refer to as an instrumental variable, which obtains unbiased estimates of the effects of attending private school on students» test scores.

But if the use of the lottery as an instrumental variable works in practice as it is expected to work in statistical theory, it would already have corrected for these differences.

To solve this problem, we used as an instrumental variable whether or not a student was offered a voucher to predict the probability that she attended a private school; with these predicted values, we can provide an unbiased estimate of the actual impact of switching from a public - to a private - school.

Prespecified secondary outcomes: diagnostic cancer stage and Gleason grade (range, 2 - 10; higher scores indicate a poorer prognosis) of prostate cancers identified, all - cause mortality, and an instrumental variable analysis estimating the causal effect of attending the PSA screening clinic.

MR is a form of instrumental variable analysis, using genetic variants that predict either cannabis use risk, or risk of developing schizophrenia.

Second, Big Data helps identify instrumental variables.

They cover basic principles of causal inference and introduce complex concepts previously inaccessible to nonspecialists: randomization by group, natural experiments, instrumental variables, regression discontinuity, and propensity scores.

According to the statistical theory that underpins this technique, results from lotteries are powerful instrumental variables, because the lottery, being a random event, is not directly related to students» test - score performance.

An International Fixed Effects Instrumental Variables Analysis

We treat Instrumental Variables Analysis (IV) estimates of the impact of private schooling on student outcomes, some of which are being presented for the first time in this study, as the causal «benchmark» estimate.

We also found, in estimates from an instrumental variables analysis, that children's participation in home - based summer book reading routines improved reading comprehension.

We estimate the effect of class size on student performance in 18 countries, combining school fixed effects and instrumental variables to identify random class - size variation between two adjacent

Using an instrumental variables approach to control for selection bias, the results suggest an increase in collegiate class size leads to an increase in dropout rates and a reduction in on - time degree completion, but no change in long - run degree completion.

Modern instrumental variables methods in this multiple - counterfactual setting can not separately identify treatment effects along these distinct choice margins, rendering 2 - year colleges a black box in how they impact students coming from different alternatives.

We rely on instrumental variables framework to disentangle the underlying reasons behind this achievement gap and find that the observed differences are likely due to the positive effects of alternative public schools.

The solution requires using instrumental variables to form a strictly exogenous estimator for the rhs variables.

Qian, Hang (2011): Sampling Variation, Monotone Instrumental Variables and the Bootstrap Bias Correction.

The authors employed multilevel and instrumental variables models to examine class size effects on fourth graders» reading achievement in Greece.

Using instrumental variables analysis to learn more from social policy experiments (MDRC working papers on research methodology)

Not exact matches

Where (equilibrium / effective) climate sensitivity (S) is the only parameter being estimated, and the estimation method works directly from the observed variables (e.g., by regression, as in Forster and Gregory, 2006, or mean estimation, as in Gregory et al, 2002) over the instrumental period, then the JP for S will be almost of the form 1 / S ^ 2.

Then, if reconstructions turn out to be more variable, b is bigger absent new information on natural forcing, and some of the variability in the instrumental record that was thought to be due to a is really due to b. However, that presumes either an unknown natural forcing, or that some combination of known natural forcings fits the instrumental record to permit substitution of b for a.

Cepheid variable stars have been studied for decades and have been instrumental in the determination of the scale of our universe.

New for 2015, all Outback models come standard with the Lineartronic CVT (continuously variable transmission), which features paddle - shift control switches and is instrumental in the Outback's significantly improved fuel economy.

MP3 Player, Child Safety Locks, Bucket Seats, Brake Assist, 4 - Wheel ABS.OPTION PACKAGESTRD OFF - ROAD PKG off - road tuned suspension w / Bilstein shocks, locking rear differential, 16» alloy wheels, P265 / 70R16 BF Goodrich tires, VSC w / A-TRAC, hill start assist control, downhill assist control, engine skid plate, front tow hook, 115V / 400W pwr outlets, fog lamps, remote keyless entry, cruise control, variable speed wipers, chrome grille surround & rear bumper, color - keyed front bumper & overfenders, sliding rear window w / privacy glass, sport water - resistant fabric seats w / driver lumbar support, metallic tone instrumental panel, leather - wrapped steering wheel w / audio controls, leather - wrapped shifter, sunvisors w / mirrors & extenders, backup camera & auto - dimming interior mirror w / monitor, exterior temp gauge, TRD Off - Road graphics, JBL AM / FM STEREO W / 6 - DISC CD CHANGER & NAVIGATION MP3 / WMA playback, Entune, 6.1» touch screen w / integrated backup camera monitor, vehicle information, phone book access, advanced voice recognition, text - to - speech, SiriusXM satellite radio, HD radio w / iTune tagging, aux audio input jack, (6) JBL speakers, subwoofer, USB port, TOWING PKG class IV hitch, trans oil cooler, supplemental oil cooler, HD battery, 130 - amp alternator, 7 - pin connector w / converter, trailer sway control, PREDATOR TUBE STEPS.

I've been pointing at how animal companionship in videogames tends to be informed by an utilitarian and reductionist logic: Pokemon are both weapons and collectibles, existing in a fictional world designed to naturalize this instrumental relationship, Neko Atsume is an addicting conditioning device dispensing immaterial cuteness for your time and money; virtual pets are nothing but a few lightly dressed variables banking on our tendency to attribute feelings and thought to artificial entities, the Tamagochi effect.

13 / 30 — Tris Vonna - Michell, Capitol Complex, 2014, 75 slides in Telex projector on shelf, table construct consisting of colour and b / w inkjet and C - prints, spoken word and instrumental sound composition on speakers, dimensions variable, Sadie Coles HQ, London

Then, if reconstructions turn out to be more variable, b is bigger absent new information on natural forcing, and some of the variability in the instrumental record that was thought to be due to a is really due to b. However, that presumes either an unknown natural forcing, or that some combination of known natural forcings fits the instrumental record to permit substitution of b for a.

Guiot's attempt to create a regression formula against the modern instrumental record has promise for the right variables.

If you add an orange - instrumental temperature - on to the end of an apple - paleo proxy reconstructions - it will immediately become more variable as that is the nature of instrumental readings.

You are comparing 50 year smoothed paleo model proxieswith annual highly variable instrumental records.

Bradley: In the case of Figure 10.11 a, the regression equation with only one variable (amplitudes of eigenvector 1) accounts for 36 % (R2 x 100) of the variance of ring - width indices during the period of instrumental records.

Many of the variables of the climate system have been measured directly, i.e., the «instrumental record».

My idea is to take a simple sinusoidal model of a beat wave composed of 9 and 20 year cycles (the two main frequencies in the instrumental record of global temperature) and subject them to disturbances with a random variable having a standard deviation comparable to the standard deviation of monthly changes in the rate of change in global temperature.

Congratulations on two important events this week, yr son's graduation and yr presentation of a high level paper that shows just how variable and extensive climate «change» with reference ter the decadal instrumental records and historical documentation.

To compare our Standard 5X5 reconstruction with modern climatology, we aligned the stack's mean for the interval 510 to 1450 yr B.P. (where yr B.P. is years before 1950 CE) with the same interval's mean of the global Climate Research Unit error - in - variables (CRU - EIV) composite temperature record (2), which is, in turn, referenced to the 1961 — 1990 CE instrumental mean (Fig. 1A).»

«To compare our Standard5 × 5 reconstruction with modern climatology, we aligned the stack's mean for the interval 510 to 1450 yr B.P. (where yr B.P. is years before 1950 CE) with the same interval» smean of the global Climate Research Unit error - in - variables (CRU - EIV) composite temperature record (2), which is, in turn, referenced to the 1961 — 1990 CE instrumental mean (Fig. 1A).»

That chart includes most of the instrumental records with the + / - 2 sigma range based on GISS NH which is the most variable.

Where (equilibrium / effective) climate sensitivity (S) is the only parameter being estimated, and the estimation method works directly from the observed variables (e.g., by regression, as in Forster and Gregory, 2006, or mean estimation, as in Gregory et al, 2002) over the instrumental period, then the JP for S will be almost of the form 1 / S ^ 2.

The space - time structure of natural climate variability needed to determine the optimal fingerprint pattern and the resultant signal - to - noise ratio of the detection variable is estimated from several multi-century control simulations with different CGCMs and from instrumental data over the last 136 y. Applying the combined greenhouse gas - plus - aerosol fingerprint in the same way as the greenhouse gas only fingerprint in a previous work, the recent 30 - y trends (1966 — 1995) of annual mean near surface temperature are again found to represent a significant climate change at the 97.5 % confidence level.

Variables with the strongest effect on daily mood were received emotional and instrumental support and unsupportive interactions.