Sentences with phrase «instrumental variables»

It uses a statistical technique known as instrumental variable analysis to execute the strategy.

To account for differences between the two groups that were not known, such as surgeon, institutional experience, and patient's functional status, we implemented a set of instrumental variable analyses.

We also use a new instrumental variable, short - run fluctuations in the demand for schooling, to predict private schooling.

Using instrumental variables analysis to learn more from social policy experiments (MDRC working papers on research methodology)

An Evaluation of Instrumental Variable Strategies for Estimating the Effect of Catholic Schools.

The authors employed multilevel and instrumental variables models to examine class size effects on fourth graders» reading achievement in Greece.

Problems with Instrumental Variables Estimation when the Correlation Between the Instruments and the Endogenous Explanatory Variable is Weak

They applied a particular type of statistical technique (instrumental variables regression), which exploits random natural variation in a variable that is only associated with the exposure and affects the outcome only through that exposure, so mimicking a randomised controlled trial.

International and Interstate Gaps in Value - Added Math Achievement: Multilevel Instrumental Variable Analysis of Age Effect and Grade Effect

Second, Big Data helps identify instrumental variables.

According to the statistical theory that underpins this technique, results from lotteries are powerful instrumental variables, because the lottery, being a random event, is not directly related to students» test - score performance.

Both lottery and instrumental variable identification strategies suggest that the effects of attending an HCZ middle school are enough to close the black - white achievement gap in mathematics.

An International Fixed Effects Instrumental Variables Analysis

We treat Instrumental Variables Analysis (IV) estimates of the impact of private schooling on student outcomes, some of which are being presented for the first time in this study, as the causal «benchmark» estimate.

We propose a two - stage instrumental variable estimator that is consistent if there is selective compliance in the treatment group of a randomized experiment and the outcome variable is a censored

Selection bias was accounted for as extensively as possible — given the lack of an appropriate instrumental variable — through the inclusion of a number of control variables that are related to parental involvement and student performance.

We rely on instrumental variables framework to disentangle the underlying reasons behind this achievement gap and find that the observed differences are likely due to the positive effects of alternative public schools.

An international fixed effects instrumental variables analysis

Qian, Hang (2011): Sampling Variation, Monotone Instrumental Variables and the Bootstrap Bias Correction.

The authors also examine various methods including, matching method, and propensity score matching technique, double - difference method, instrumental variable method, regression discontinuity and pipeline method.

International and interstate gaps in value - added math achievement: Multilevel instrumental variable analysis of age effect and grade effect

MR is a form of instrumental variable analysis, using genetic variants that predict either cannabis use risk, or risk of developing schizophrenia.

Unlike previous studies, I use instrumental variables to correct for the endogenous nature of the tax rate.

In the instrumental variable analysis for prostate cancer mortality, the adherence - adjusted causal RR was 0.93 (95 % CI, 0.67 to 1.29; P =.66).

They cover basic principles of causal inference and introduce complex concepts previously inaccessible to nonspecialists: randomization by group, natural experiments, instrumental variables, regression discontinuity, and propensity scores.

To see whether the instrumental variable worked in practice as it should in theory, we conducted a second analysis in which we controlled not only for the students» pre-lottery test scores but also for their mothers» educational level, her employment status, family size, and whether the family received welfare.

To solve this problem, we used as an instrumental variable whether or not a student was offered a voucher to predict the probability that she attended a private school; with these predicted values, we can provide an unbiased estimate of the actual impact of switching from a public - to a private - school.

But if the use of the lottery as an instrumental variable works in practice as it is expected to work in statistical theory, it would already have corrected for these differences.

Kreisman and Stange attempt to circumvent this selection problem using what researchers refer to as an instrumental variables strategy.

As the authors discuss in detail in the paper, there are two reasons why their instrumental variable results might differ from their OLS regression results.

The outcome of the lottery, a random event, was used to create what statisticians refer to as an instrumental variable, which obtains unbiased estimates of the effects of attending private school on students» test scores.

One analysis by Eric Eide and Nick Ronan uses an instrumental variable approach to estimate the effect of participating in high school sports on long - term outcomes, like educational attainment and earnings.

The results for the instrumental variable analyses are reported below in Appendix Table 5.

We therefore use an instrumental variables (IV) strategy that exploits the partial random assignment of Sigt in school - specific lotteries.

We also found, in estimates from an instrumental variables analysis, that children's participation in home - based summer book reading routines improved reading comprehension.

We test the internal validity of the CREDO model by comparing its estimates to those produced by an instrumental variables (IV) approach, finding that a rigorous IV method produces similar results to CREDO's observational estimates

We estimate the effect of class size on student performance in 18 countries, combining school fixed effects and instrumental variables to identify random class - size variation between two adjacent

Using an instrumental variables model, and taking into account alternative explanations, Hoxby and Leigh (2004: 239) conclude that between 1963 and 2000, «Pay compression increased the share of the lowest - aptitude female college graduates who became teachers by about 9 percentage points and decreased the share of the highest - aptitude female college graduates who become teachers by about 12 percentage points.»

Using an instrumental variables approach to control for selection bias, the results suggest an increase in collegiate class size leads to an increase in dropout rates and a reduction in on - time degree completion, but no change in long - run degree completion.

Instrumental variable estimates of early educational effects of age of school entry in Germany

To account for the noncompliance, researchers used a statistical technique known as «instrumental variables» to adjust the results.

Using longitudinal data, we investigate how student outcomes change in relation to this initiative with an instrumental variables strategy that counters the endogeneity of student assignment across schools before and after the restructuring occurred.

The dynamics of adolescent depression: an instrumental variable quantile regression with fixed effects approach.