The Japanese Metabolists, for instance, envisioned large scale, flexible, and expandable structures that echoed the processes of
organic growth; in the U.S. Nicholas Negroponte coined the idea of a responsive architecture that was mechanically and dynamically integrated with its surroundings, an idea that lives on in projects like Columbia's Living Architecture Lab, in
design philosophies like biomimicry, and in concepts like the digitally - networked
intelligent city.