The Court
of Appeal noted that, following R. v. Cooper 1977 CanLII 11 (SCC) and more recently in R. v. Vokurka 2013 NLCA 51 (CanLII), aff'd 2014 SCC 22 (CanLII), the rule has been restricted / relaxed by Canadian courts such that it applies to the actus reus
of an
offence only and not to the
element of intent.
In Tatton, Justice Moldaver held that the «importance»
of the mental
element comprised the «complexity
of the thought and reasoning processes that make up the mental
element of a particular
offence» (para 34) and that «specific
intent offences contain a heightened mental
element» (para 39).