The stated
intent of the legislature (MCL 380.1 to 380.1852) is to ensure that local public schools, public school academies, intermediate school districts, and other public school entities adhere to a uniform policy regarding the use of seclusion and physical restraint.
Some interpretations of the law are more persuasive at revealing a presumed
intent of the legislature in accordance with these policy objectives.
The case, O'Malley v. Soske, Appeals Court No. 09 - P - 315, (March 31, 2010), is an important reminder of
the intent of the legislature when the statute was amended in 1988.
Most analysis starts at the plain meaning of the text, and only if the plain meaning is ambiguous or unreasonable does analysis start to look for other signals like
intent of the legislature / founders, etc..
The McLean approach moves us away from imputed expertise in the post-Dunsmuir world to a real analysis of
the intent of the legislature.
He describes as principle, dating back to 18th century England, judges interpreting a statute «to give effect to «
the intent of the legislature».»
To hold otherwise would be to ignore principles of statutory interpretation, which are flexible enough to achieve
the intent of the legislature in the context of evolving realities.
In the alternative, if we were to attempt to glean
the intent of the legislature from the existing legislation, we should look to the definition of a «race» in the regulations.
In the context of the Act it was clearly not
the intent of the legislature to give the LSUC a mandate to promote once conception of «justice» (i.e., gay rights) in favour of another (i.e., religious freedom), rather it's clearly the intent that the LSUC promote «justice» in a more neutral unambiguous sense (i.e., the proper admistration of the law, a nentral, impartial judiciary, etc.).
Courts strive to give effect to
the intent of legislature when they enforce laws.
Not exact matches
Share: FacebookTwitterLinkedinGoogle + emailVANCOUVER — Merran Smith, executive director
of Clean Energy Canada, made the following statement in response to the B.C. NDP and B.C. Green Party announcement regarding their
intent to cooperate in the
legislature: «It's clear that British Columbians voted for change in this election and support the NDP and Greens» objectives: building a clean economy and putting...
The rule
of law, he has argued, demands that we be bound by the text
of the law» not by evolving social standards, not even by some elusive authorial
intent, but by the actual words
of the Constitution and
of the statutes passed by state and federal
legislatures.
The Congress, whenever two thirds
of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application
of the
Legislatures of two thirds
of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all
Intents and Purposes, as Part
of this Constitution, when ratified by the
Legislatures of three fourths
of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode
of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress
The Congress, whenever two thirds
of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application
of the
Legislatures of two thirds
of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all
Intents and Purposes, as Part
of this Constitution, when ratified by the
Legislatures of three fourths
of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode
of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section
of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived
of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.
The legislative
intent of the bill is to «ensure that all workers in Albany County can address their own health and safety needs... and the needs
of their families...» The
legislature found that access to paid sick time promotes a healthy and safe county, reduces the spread
of illness, and provides greater flexibility to employees with caregiving responsibilities.
The arguments made in favor
of paid sick leave, in addition to those stated in the
legislature's
intent, are: Employees who are sick, especially if they have a contagious illness such as the flu, will be more willing to stay home if they know they will not be docked pay for taking a sick day.
David released a statement bent on clarifying what he called the mischaracterization
of the M.O.U., which reads, in part: «The memorandum can in no way supercede the law as passed by the
legislature and further, there is nothing in the memorandum that is inconsistent with the letter, spirit or
intent of the law.
Mr. Vance is correct that the
legislature created limits, but it simultaneously built ways around them; its «spirit and
intent» is like the public piety
of a Mafia hitman who makes the sign
of the cross when passing a church on his way to work.
You might think they're talking about current American politics: There is no money in the national treasury for more social programs like orphanages and vaccinations; The military budget must be cut; The rich are
intent on keeping their tax privileges; Members
of the
legislature continue to beat down all proposed reforms
of the leader; The conditions
of the poor are getting worse; Some religious leaders insist that the Earth was created in six literal days; Foreigners must be deported.
If the court had upheld its previous ruling, it would have effectively banned home schooling in California and overruled the clear
intent of the California
legislature.
Legislatures around the country have enacted various forms
of school choice with the
intent of improving student achievement throughout the education system, seeking innovative methods
of instruction and school governance, and providing parents with an alternative to neighborhood schools.
According to a poll
of Montana legislators, a majority believe the revenue department officials are not following the
legislature's
intent.
In 2016, we campaigned for the
legislature to follow the original
intent of the law and distribute lottery funds to need - based college scholarships.
26 years
of concerted effort, multi-millions in lobbying expenses, and skillful masking
of the real
intent of «parental choice» has come down to this: the GOP has the
legislature, the statehouse, the Supreme Court and the public square.
As Wagner reports, Republicans, who took control
of the state
legislature in 2010 and the governorship in 2012, are
intent on expanding education options in the state by providing some parents with school vouchers to transfer their children to private schools and by increasing the number
of charter schools in the state.
Our primary argument before the Texas Supreme Court focused on the legislative
intent behind the 2015 amendments to Chapter 12
of the Education Code and the comprehensive statutory framework set forth by the state
legislature for public charter schools in Texas.
Over the next few months, however, the DEA's delay and expressed
intent to review the applications as if the farmers intended to grow an unprecedented amount
of Schedule I drugs, versus cultivate a non-drug agricultural crop, fueled frustration in North Dakota's
legislature.
-- The «Mediation Privileges» are actually quite confusing when examined carefully.2 So for purposes
of the debriefing, just introduce the concept
of an evidentiary privilege and indicate the
legislature's
intent to «insulate» the mediation process so as to encourage settlement.
She noted that the presumption
of home statute interpretation applied; and because the
legislature intended to vest this particular Board with powers because
of its expertise, that
intent should be respected (see paras 22 and 33).
Let us suppose that those 31 states (and their
legislatures, governors, courts, etc) are
intent on preserving the death penalty, so that a Constitutional amendment to abolish it would not be ratified by 3/4
of state
legislatures as required.
The case is an important reminder
of the
legislature's
intent when the statute was amended in 1988, and a reminder as well that in any proceeding commenced in any court, commission or agency, the judge should admit properly certified medical reports.
In all Pennsylvania cases other than the 1803 Addison case, state legislators have consistently agreed that simply allowing a «bad» act to serve as the basis for a judge's removal, with no evidence
of malicious
intent, would allow the
legislature to remove any judges with whose decisions it disagreed.
[7] The goal was to capture legislative
intent and, particularly, the degree
of deference the
legislature intended that reviewing courts should accord in respect
of the decision under review.
In contrast, the Pay Equity Act does limit payroll calculations to the «total
of all wages and salaries payable to the employees in Ontario
of the employer» and the
legislature was free to use similar limiting language in the ESA if that was its
intent.
According to U.S. District Judge Mary S. Scriven, the law's fatal flaw is the lack
of criminal
intent requirement, which Florida's
legislature purposely removed from the books in 2002.
Until that occurs, however, the best evidence
of «legislative
intent» is what the
legislature has enacted into law.
It requires consideration
of four factors to determine the
legislature's
intent over whether the administrative ruling was owed deference.
The Congress, whenever two thirds
of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application
of the
Legislatures of two thirds
of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all
Intents and Purposes, as Part
of this Constitution, when ratified by the
Legislatures of three fourths
of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode
of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section
of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived
of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.
South Dakota's inclusion
of limiting language in underinsured motorist coverage statute and exclusion
of such language from the uninsured motorist coverage statute is curious, and the statute is not clear as to the
legislature's
intent.
Nevertheless, general rules
of statutory construction dictate that the courts must ensure that statutes are implemented in accordance with the «
intent»
of the
legislature at the time they were enacted.
(70) The only question that thus arises for the court in the context
of native title is whether at the time
of the grant «extinguishment»
of native title was the «
intent»
of the executive or
legislature in creating statutes allowing the grant
of non-Indigenous rights to land.
Still, this is the first reference in the statute to custodial relationships that are not related to a marriage, giving rise to the inference in the absence
of more specific language, that the courts» practice
of using the statute for all custody cases is consistent with the
legislature's statutory
intent.
The statute
of limitations does not define «professional services», and so the court looked elsewhere to help define the
legislature's
intent in using the words «professional services» in the statute
of limitations.