Sentences with phrase «interconvertible cell states»

In this proposal, specific master genes that are required for the pluripotent stem - cell state would be turned on in an adult cell.

To make the HSCs, the Harvard group used human skin cells to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), adult cells researchers genetically reprogram to an embryonic - stem - cell state, where they can grow into any kind of cell.

Stiffer surfaces favored the stem cell state.

«But it appears when mature cells return back into a rapidly dividing stem cell state, this creates problems that can lead to cancer.»

The process involves the reversion of delta cells (which produce somatostatin, another pancreatic hormone) to a precursor - like cell state, with proliferation and later reconstitution of the populations of beta and delta cells.

Genetically reprogramming late - stage human cancer cells to a stem - cell state enabled them to force the reprogrammed cells to progress to an early cancerous state, revealing secreted blood biomarkers of early - stage disease along the way.

Semenza says methylation leads to the destruction of NANOG's mRNA so that no protein is made, which in turn causes the embryonic stem cells to abandon their stem cell state and mature into different cell types.

- Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms of how POLR3G gene regulates stem cell state, which in turn sheds light on the complex mechanisms with which human embryonic stem cells both self - renew and maintain the ability to differentiate.

Fredrik Lanner's research team at Karolinska Institutet and their colleagues in Peter Rugg - Gunn's team at Cambridge's Babraham Institute in the UK have now developed a tool for separating the two stem cell states.

«We've not had cell surface markers for the different stem cell states before, which has made it hard to study them,» says Fredrik Lanner, assistant professor at Karolinska Institutet's Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology.

All - Protein Mix Inducing adult cells to revert back to a stem cell state at first required the insertion of four genes, one of which was a cancer gene [see «Potent Alternative»; SciAm, February 2008].

«This really was a comparison of existing methods, applying the same criteria to each method and seeing where each cell state is,» says Ecker.

The ability of a fertilized egg to generate both embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues is referred to as «totipotency,» an ultimate stem cell state seen only during the earliest stages of embryonic development.

Other research in this area has required that cells of one type first be returned to a more generally undifferentiated stem cell state, which can introduce fresh problems.

In new research, scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have converted skin cells from healthy adults directly into motor neurons without going through a stem cell state.

Ultimately, this knowledge will be useful for understanding the very early events in human development, which are reflected in the naïve and primed stem cell states, and could also lead to improved methods to reprogram human cells for stem cell - based therapies.

By tapping into this newly identified connection, we open up new avenues for more successful reprogramming of adult cells to a stem cell state, which is a priority for future regenerative medicine approaches.»

In the case of gene editing, Verma is creating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients by taking, for example, skin cells of patients, coaxing them back into an early stem cell state, and then providing conditions to make those cells develop into more complex brain, lung, prostate and breast tissues.

Paracrine and autocrine signals induce and maintain mesenchymal and stem cell states in the breast.

To understand molecular forces behind different cell states in development, aging and disease, these scientists want to track the molecular make - up of human cells in time and space.

The team then asked this minimal model set to predict whether knockdown of a specific transcription factor would maintain the stem cell state or prompt differentiation.

«We wanted to understand how stem cell transcription factors were interconnected and explain how these cells behave in different culture conditions and still maintain the stem cell state,» said Smith.

Just a few kinds of signals control the fates of cells that either maintain their stem cell state, divide or differentiate in a developing organism.

They artificially differ from normal two - cell state cells, however, and while possibly useful, their roles in research, such as models for embryo development, will need to be assessed.

The three transcription factors Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog are central to pluripotency, but recent studies suggest that additional proteins join forces with this triumvirate to bring about the ES cell state.

A melanoma cell state distinction influences sensitivity to MAPK pathway inhibitors.

Until now, scientific dogma has stated that differentiation is a one - way path; once cells specialize, they can not return to the flexible stem - cell state on their own.

New research shows the vital role of a type of internal «spring cleaning» that both clears out garbage inside the cells, and keeps them in their perpetual stem - cell state.

Rather than reversing cells all the way back to a stem cell state before prompting them to turn into something else, such as in the case of iPS cells, the researchers «rewind» skin cells just enough to instruct them to form the more than 200 cell types that constitute the human body.

However, important hallmarks of immune cell states are often not detected in scRNA - seq experiments.

Studying cells from the stomach and pancreas in humans and mice, as well as mouse kidney and liver cells, and cells from more than 800 tumor and precancerous lesions in people, the researchers found when tissue is injured by infections or trauma, mature cells can revert back to a stem - cell state in which they divide repeatedly.

His future studies will address fundamental questions relating to cell state transitions in pluripotent cells.

However, direct cellular reprogramming that does not involve a stem cell state solves some of the safety concerns surrounding the use of stem cells.

Direct reprogramming could revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine, as it lets scientists transform one adult cell type into another without first having to revert back to the stem cell state.

Melton is also a pioneer in direct cellular reprogramming research — the transformation of one type of adult cell into another, without first going through a stem cell state.

Here we use a transgenic allele designed to detect low level transcription in the primitive endoderm lineage as a tool to identify an immediate early endoderm - like ES cell state.

In addition, well - characterized expression profiles for melanoma cells have been identified that correlate highly proliferative cell states with increased expression for pathways regulated by the lineage - specific transcription factors SOX10 and MITF; conversely, migratory / invasive cell states have been correlated with TGFβ1 signaling pathways.

This workflow should be generalizable to predict single - cell state transitions in a cell population (normal or cancerous) subjected to perturbations.

Our general aim is to understand the reciprocal interactions between immune cell state / behavior and their environment -LSB-...]

Together, Myc and Gcn5, a histone acetyltransferase, reprogram fibroblasts to a stem cell state by activating an alternative splicing network.

Her current research is focused on discovering how normal and disease melanocyte cell states establish distinct regulatory DNA landscapes, and also determining how the combination of both genetic variation within these regulatory regions and environmental cell signals alter gene expression and normal cell function.

Taken together our data support a model in which ES cell culture has trapped a set of interconvertible cell states reminiscent of the early stages in blastocyst differentiation that may exist only transiently in the early embryo.

These cells can be isolated based on the expression of an amplified Hex Venus transgene and SSEA - 1 (V+S +) and exist under ES cell conditions in a steady - state equilibrium with at least one other more ICM - like cell state, V − S +.

Using now - standard techniques, they put those cells through a biological time machine, returning them to an embryo - like stem cell state.

These cell states would all appear as morphologically undifferentiated and express equivalent levels of Oct4.

Comparisons among cells in the same and different cellular states in different tissues and species can also provide information on the essential qualities of specific cell states and would be considered in this section.

Here we review the recent progress and significant findings from application of single - cell technologies on pluripotent stem cells along with a brief outlook on new combinatorial single - cell approaches that further unravel pluripotent stem cell states.

We also used it to study transition of mouse embryonic stem cells to a specific cell state of interest in Eckersley - Maslin et al Cell Reports 2016.

Our results reveal the regulatory mechanisms that interplay to drive transcription factor occupancy, chromatin state, and gene expression in complex mammalian cell states.

Citation: Hough SR, Laslett AL, Grimmond SB, Kolle G, Pera MF (2009) A Continuum of Cell States Spans Pluripotency and Lineage Commitment in Human Embryonic Stem Cells.