That investors have been stretching their risk profiles to meet income goals is evident in rising levels of corporate leverage and fewer protections for creditors — in capital structures that increasingly favor
the interests of issuers.
The exemption balances
interests of issuers and investors.
If you are a good customer, it is in the best
interest of the issuer to work with you.
That investors have been stretching their risk profiles to meet income goals is evident in rising levels of corporate leverage and fewer protections for creditors — in capital structures that increasingly favor
the interests of issuers.
The concentrated
interests of issuers in a rating trumps the diffuse interests of buyers.
Not exact matches
«When they became for - profit organizations, they put their own profit ahead
of what's in the
interest of the investor and the
issuer,» he says.
The filing with the regulator said Lazaridis and Fregin are «considering all available options with respect to their holdings
of the shares, including, without limitation, a potential acquisition
of all the outstanding shares
of the
issuer that they do not currently own, either by themselves or with other
interested investors.»
a government, corporation, municipality, or agency that has issued a security (e.g., a bond) in order to raise capital or to repay other debt; the
issuer goes to an underwriter to get their securities sold in the new issue market; for certificates
of deposit (CDs), this is the bank that has issued the CD; in the case
of fixed income securities, the
issuer of the security is the primary determinant
of the security's characteristics (e.g., coupon
interest rate, maturity, call features, etc..)
PTE 80 - 83, Class Exemption for Certain Transactions Involving Purchase
of Securities Where
Issuer May Use Proceeds to Reduce or Retire Indebtedness to Parties in
Interest.
D. Prohibited Transaction Exemption 80 - 83, Class Exemption for Certain Transactions Involving Purchase
of Securities Where
Issuer May Use Proceeds to Reduce or Retire Indebtedness to Parties in
Interest; and
The net proceeds from the Notes offering will be used by the
Issuer together with other available funds to optionally prepay in full a prior notes issuance (the «Old Notes») that had a weighted average
interest rate
of 4.7 % at December 31, 2017.
Private independent rating services such as Standard & Poor's, Moody's Investors Service and Fitch Ratings Inc. provide these evaluations
of a bond
issuer's financial strength, or its ability to pay a bond's principal and
interest in a timely fashion.
Potential conflicts
of interest may arise as a result
of common directorship between Gluskin Sheff and an
issuer in which accounts or funds managed by Gluskin Sheff may invest.
But paying just the minimum means you'll actually pay more money to your
issuer in the long run because
of interest.
As one
of many companies that submitted a written response to regulators last fall, Magna International Inc. indicated its key concerns included potential conflicts
of interest, lack
of transparency, and potential inaccuracies as well as limited opportunity for
issuer engagement.
Although bonds generally present less short - term risk and volatility than stocks, bonds do contain
interest rate risk (as
interest rates rise, bond prices usually fall, and vice versa) and the risk
of default, or the risk that an
issuer will be unable to make income or principal payments.
Bond funds typically own a number
of individual bonds
of varying maturities, so the impact
of any single bond's performance is lessened if that
issuer should fail to pay
interest or principal.
Fixed income investments entail
interest rate risk (as
interest rates rise bond prices usually fall), the risk
of issuer default,
issuer credit risk and inflation risk.
Consider these risks before investing: The value
of securities in the fund's portfolio may fall or fail to rise over extended periods
of time for a variety
of reasons, including general financial market conditions, changing market perceptions, changes in government intervention in the financial markets, and factors related to a specific
issuer, industry, or sector and, in the case
of bonds, perceptions about the risk
of default and expectations about changes in monetary policy or
interest rates.
This typically occurs when
interest rates decline and the
issuer has incentive to refinance their debt at lower prevailing levels
of interest rates.
«One
of the reasons why we are seeing a growing
interest in social bonds is because people want diversity in their SRI (sustainable and responsible investing) portfolios — they want different kinds
of issuers,» says Andrew Salvoni, head
of Morgan Stanley's green and sustainable bond syndicate desk.
The greater the number and kind
of issuers, as well as the type
of securities they offer, the more
interested investors become in sustainable investing.
It's important to pay attention to changes in the credit quality
of the
issuer, as less creditworthy
issuers may be more likely to default on
interest payments or principal repayment.
«One
of the reasons why we are seeing a growing
interest in social bonds is because people want diversity in their SRI portfolios — they want different kinds
of issuers,» says Salvoni.
Their opinions
of that creditworthiness — in other words, the
issuer's financial ability to make
interest payments and repay the loan in full at maturity — is what determines the bond's rating and also affects the yield the
issuer must pay to entice investors.
a reduction in the rating awarded a debt or equity security; a credit agency downgrades the debt
of a company, municipality, or governmental entity indicating a potential deterioration in the financial situation
of the
issuer and its ability to meet its obligations in full and / or on time.; a downgrade suggests investors are less certain to receive
interest payments and return
of capital
High yield (non-investment grade) bonds are from
issuers that are considered to be at greater risk
of not paying
interest and / or returning principal at maturity.
Bonds are subject to the risk that an
issuer will fail to make payments on time and that bond prices will decline because
of rising
interest rates or negative perceptions
of an
issuer's ability to make payments.
Interest and principal payments are subject to the creditworthiness
of the
issuer.
Of course, if you hold individual bonds to maturity, you may be able to ride out price fluctuations, knowing that as long as the bond
issuer doesn't default, you will get your principal back at maturity and
interest payments along the way.
All
interested parties, namely: - members
of management
of companies seeking financing, particularly early stage businesses and other small and medium - sized enterprises; - individual and institutional investors; - dealers, representatives and other registered persons; and - lawyers, accountants and other professionals offering services to
issuers.
a municipal bond that is secured by an escrow fund; the escrow fund comes from the
issuer floating a second bond issue and using the proceeds from that second bond issue to purchase government obligations, typically U.S. Treasuries, proceeds from the second bond issue create an escrow fund to mature at the first call date
of the first bond issue to pre-refund that issue; bond
issuers will typically do this during times
of lower
interest rates to lower their
interest costs
An
issuer may default on payment
of the principal or
interest of a bond.
Our rigorous risk - management process monitors the ability
of bond
issuers to make timely payments
of interest and principal.
Some
issuers offer terms
of 1 to 5 years so that customers get rid
of debt faster and save on
interest.
In this role, Carla was responsible, together with Glass Lewis» chief policy officer, for the development
of the firm's voting guidelines while working closely with the research department and interacting with investors,
issuers, regulators and other
interested parties.
For example, an
issuer may repay token holders the principal
of their investment on a fixed date or upon redemption, with
interest paid to token holders.
Bonds are subject to
interest rate risk, call risk, reinvestment risk, liquidity risk, and credit risk
of the
issuer.
Bond funds are subject to
interest rate risk, which is the chance bond prices overall will decline because
of rising
interest rates, and credit risk, which is the chance a bond
issuer will fail to pay
interest and principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions
of the
issuer's ability to make such payments will cause the price
of that bond to decline.
Bond investments are subject to
interest - rate risk (the risk
of bond prices falling if
interest rates rise) and credit risk (the risk
of an
issuer defaulting on
interest or principal payments).
A cap is the maximum
interest rate the
issuer will pay regardless
of how high the reference rate may go, and therefore protects the
issuer from escalating
interest costs.
Investors are compensated for assuming credit risk by way
of interest payments from the borrower or
issuer of a debt obligation.
«The same thing holds with bonds — so you have to look at the credit rating
of the
issuer, [which can indicate] whether it can keep its promise [to pay you back with
interest].»
Holding an individual bond to maturity will result in the return
of principal (assuming the bond
issuer doesn't default), but those nominal dollars will be worth less with inflation and during periods
of higher
interest rates.
Payment
of principal and
interest is solely the obligation
of the
issuer.
The principle risk to investing in these funds is that
issuers or guarantors
of debt instruments or the counterparty to a repurchase agreement or loan
of portfolio securities may be unable or unwilling to make timely
interest and / or principal payments or otherwise honor their obligations.
Credit risk is the risk that an
issuer will default on payments
of interest and principal.
In light
of the potential conflicts
of interest from the portal's ownership
of an
issuer, should portals be prohibited from receiving fees in the form
of securities?
As long as portals provide conflict
of interest disclosure to
issuers and investors, the receipt
of a portion
of a portal fee in securities is likely to help the industry and portals form sustainable businesses versus causing any problems.
As a bond investor, you are basically taking a view
of where
interest rates are going along the yield curve and the
issuer's ability to pay the money promised.