European Convention on
International Commercial Arbitration, Geneva, 21 April 1961, Article VIII: «The parties shall be presumed to have agreed that reasons shall be given for the
award unless they (a) either expressly declare that reasons shall not be given; or (b) have assented to an
arbitral procedure under which it is not customary to give reasons for
awards, provided that in this case neither party requests before the end of the hearing, or if there has not been a hearing then before the making of the
award, that reasons be given.»