Sentences with phrase «intestinal stem cell»

A direct positive feedback loop, in which the intracellular domain of activated Notch receptors binds to an enhancer in the second intron of the Notch1 gene to enhance its expression, is critical for intestinal stem cell self ‐ renewal and niche patterning.

Moreover, these results suggest that intestinal stem cell - intrinsic DNA methylation patterns establish and maintain regional gut specification and are involved in early epithelial development and disease.

The scientists» studies also showed that AIM2 played a role independent of its immune role, in suppressing abnormal expansion of intestinal stem cell populations.

Dr. Hackam's team has developed techniques of intestinal stem cell isolation and culture, and are working with tissue engineers and chemists towards the development of an artificial intestine, which has been tested in large and small pre-clinical models.

The Wnt target gene encoding the transcription factor Achaete scute - like 2 controls the fate of the intestinal stem cell (26).

This research was supported by the NIH (R01 AR062368, R01 AR062920 to A.J.G and R01 DK055679, R01 DK059888, DK055679, DK059888, and DK089763 to A.N.), and J.R.S. is supported by the Intestinal Stem Cell Consortium (U01DK103141), a collaborative research project funded by the National Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), and by the NIAID Novel, Alternative Model Systems for Enteric Diseases (NAMSED) consortium (U19AI116482), PHS Grant UL1TR000454 from the Clinical and Translational Science Award Program, and a seed grant from the Regenerative Engineering and Medicine Research Center between Emory University, Georgia Tech and the University of Georgia.

Specification of regional intestinal stem cell identity during Drosophila metamorphosis.

Reduced levels of the INDY protein extend life, with the evidence pointing to increased intestinal stem cell function as the cause.

Bruno Pereira, University of Porto, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health - IPATIMUP - RNA - binding protein MEX3A role on intestinal stem cell homeostasis and implications for cancer

Her current work explores the effects of ER stress on intestinal stem cell function.

Even though Wnt proteins are difficult to manipulate, their ability to reverse intestinal stem cell aging suggests a pathway that clinicians may eventually be able to target.

The researchers also discovered an essential role for the mechanical properties, i.e. the physical stiffness, of the gel in regulating intestinal stem cell behavior, shedding light on how cells are able to sense, process and respond to physical stimuli.

«We believe that our experiments provide the first example of a factor that both expands the intestinal stem cell compartment and builds a niche.»

Finally, the team grew the tissue in a three - dimensional system, which coaxed it into forming all the structures found in gut tissue, including the finger - like villi that protrude inwards to increase surface area, and recesses called crypts containing the intestinal stem cells that renew the gut lining weekly (Nature, DOI: 10.1038 / nature09691).

Looking further into the intestinal crypts of both the transgenic and wild - type mice, the research team made what they consider a surprising finding: Not only was HMGA1 causing the stem cells themselves to self - renew or proliferate more rapidly in the transgenic animals, but it was also increasing the number of Paneth cells, a type of niche cell known to support intestinal stem cells.

Intestinal stem cells are particularly important because a new intestinal lining is generated about every 4 - 5 days.

«Single gene encourages growth of intestinal stem cells, supporting «niche» cells, and cancer: Finding in mice could lead to new therapies for damaged organs, cancer.»

The team reports that the adenomas grow from cells that express a gene called Lgr5 +, which is also active in normal intestinal stem cells.

Studies in diabetic rodents suggest that diabetes may alter the intestine's mucosal lining, which is maintained and regenerated by intestinal stem cells; however, little is known about how this occurs and whether it is relevant to humans.

Inspired by a flurry of research on stem cells at the time, Clevers began hunting for intestinal stem cells.

Unfortunately, the regenerative abilities of intestinal stem cells decline with age.

Since intestinal stem cells are the only ones that can replace gut lining tissue, their aging affects the entire intestine.

Instead of looking at these active stem cells, Lengner's group examined a second population of intestinal stem cells known as reserve stem cells.

Digging deeper, the researchers found the inflammatory response through IL - 1β production was initiated in Paneth cells, which are known to protect the intestinal stem cells to replenish the epithelial lining.

Aging in intestinal stem cells leads to changes in villi, the finger - shaped protuberances that line the small intestine and absorb nutrients, and crypts, the valleys between villi where the intestinal stem cells live.

To investigate this hypothesis, the scientists focused on how a subpopulation of mouse intestinal stem cells responded under calorie restriction and then when the animals were exposed to radiation.

Along with intestinal stem cells, the team identified differentiated nutrient - digesting and absorbing enterocytes, mucus - producing Goblet cells, hormone - secreting enteroendocrine cells, and microbiome - regulating and sensing Paneth cells, and they performed a series of assays that confirmed their functions.

To better understand the intestine in its normal and pathological states, researchers have created «organoids» by isolating intestinal stem cells from human biopsy samples.

In a study of mice, scientists from the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA discovered that boosting the animals» cholesterol levels spurred intestinal stem cells to divide more quickly, enabling tumors to form 100 times faster.

These mice also showed some distinctive changes in their intestinal stem cells, the researchers discovered.

Recent studies have shown that intestinal stem cells, which last a lifetime, are the cells most likely to accumulate the mutations that give rise to colon cancer.

First, they found that the mice on a high - fat diet had many more intestinal stem cells than mice on a normal diet.

The study of mice suggests that a high - fat diet drives a population boom of intestinal stem cells and also generates a pool of other cells that behave like stem cells — that is, they can reproduce themselves indefinitely and differentiate into other cell types.

On the other hand, genetic mutations that further promote the growth of intestinal stem cells are associated with uncontrolled organ regeneration and the development of colon cancer.

In 2016, the group of Prof. Zeißig proved the decisive role of gut bacteria in the regulation of intestinal stem cells and the development of colon cancer.

Adenoma (benign tumour) formation - driven by mutational activation of the Wnt signalling pathway in intestinal stem cells

Because the intestine relies on the function of resident intestinal stem cells (ISCs) for survival, its homeostasis is intimately linked to stem cell number.

Title: Dll1 - and Dll4 - Mediated Notch Signaling Is Required for Homeostasis of Intestinal Stem Cells Authors: Pellegrinet L, Rodilla V, Liu Z, Chen S, Koch U, Espinosa L, Kaestner K, Kopan R, Lewis J, Radtke F Date: January 2011 Publication Details: Volume 140, Issue 4, Pages 1230 - 1240.

Title: The par complex and integrins direct asymmetric cell division in adult intestinal stem cells Authors: Goulas S, Conder R, Knoblich JA Date: 2012 Publication Details: Cell Stem Cell 2012, 11 (4): 529 - 540

39) Sato, T., Clevers, H., Growing self - organizing mini-guts from a single intestinal stem cells: mechanism and applications.

For his experiments, Clevers used human intestinal stem cells that his lab had discovered in 2007.

Daughters of the small intestinal stem cells, the Paneth cells, serve as crypt niche cells by providing Wnt, Notch and EGF signals (30).

IL - 22 also plays a role in epithelial cell repair and has direct effects on the intestinal stem cells [22 — 24].

Toll like receptor 4 is expressed on intestinal stem cells and regulates their proliferation and apoptosis via the p53 - upregulated modulator of apoptosis.

Here, Marianes and Spradling have investigated a type of adult stem cell, known as intestinal stem cells, that resides in the midgut of fruit flies.

For example, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) of the adult Drosophila midgut (Ohlstein and Spradling, 2006; Micchelli and Perrimon, 2006) generate the two major differentiated cell types of the gut, enterocytes and enteroendocrine cells, throughout life.

Not exact matches

Hamilton announced the newest organ - on - chip innovation, which recreates an intestinal lining using patient - derived stem cells, created through a partnership between Emulate and Cedars - Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute.

These transgenic stem cells also readily created intestinal tissues called «organoids» in laboratory dishes.

Several different experiments localized the active gene and its protein to stem cells buried within the crypts, or deep grooves in the intestinal lining.

Resar says the team plans to continue investigating the function of HMGA1 and SOX9 in intestinal and other cancers as well as their role in stem cells.