Not exact matches
Presumably, the strong stellar wind emitted by giant stars eventually blows the titanium oxide out of the star's outer regions (along with hydrogen and helium gases and dust made of elements and molecules like carbon)
into interstellar space, until vigorous
convection brings out more titanium and oxygen that are created from nuclear processes
deeper in the star.
Deep convection transports energy
into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere where it is more easily to space.
The temperature of the air stabilizes when the heat gained from the water equals the heat lost due to radiative transfer
into deep space or
convection.
Another factor is
convection currents in water allow heat to move
into the depths and oceans are very
deep.
But
deep water production by
convection may be less, depending on how much NADW is Arctic in origin and how much is simply recirculated Antarctic bottom water (extremely dense water, formed as brine under the sea ice around polynas offshore of Antarctica and sliding down the continental shelf
into the depths without much mixing, creates a giant pool of dense water extending all the way up the bottom of the Atlantic to about 60 ° N).
That is all co2 radiation
deeper into the troposphere is all absorbed and the radations there has no function but to equalize all temperature variances within the troposhere, by radiation transfer within, not just
convection and conduction.
Processes taken
into account included (i) air mixing by pressure and temperature gradients down to a few meters below the surface (i.e., the so - called
convection zone); (ii) molecular diffusion in the open pore space and gravitational fractionation (entrainment toward the
deeper firn depends on concentration gradients, diffusivities, and molar mass); and (iii) a downward air flux in the open porosity zone due to bubble closure removing air from the open pores.