The observations add weight to the theory that transforming an adult cell's DNA
into an embryonic state is a gradual reprogramming process, Hochedlinger says.
Jeanne Lawrence at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester took skin cells from men with the condition and «rewound»
them into an embryonic state.
The ultimate goal of our laboratory is to generate ES - like cells directly from somatic cells by nuclear reprogramming... which converts adult cells back
into embryonic state.
Not exact matches
To make the HSCs, the Harvard group used human skin cells to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), adult cells researchers genetically reprogram to an
embryonic - stem - cell
state, where they can grow
into any kind of cell.
The stem cells, derived from human umbilical cord - blood and coaxed
into an
embryonic - like
state, were grown without the conventional use of viruses, which can mutate genes and initiate cancers, according to the scientists.
Semenza says methylation leads to the destruction of NANOG's mRNA so that no protein is made, which in turn causes the
embryonic stem cells to abandon their stem cell
state and mature
into different cell types.
- Our results provide new insights
into the mechanisms of how POLR3G gene regulates stem cell
state, which in turn sheds light on the complex mechanisms with which human
embryonic stem cells both self - renew and maintain the ability to differentiate.
In September California's Democratic governor, Gray Davis, crystallized the politics by signing the first
state legislation permitting research on the
embryonic cells, the master cells that can morph
into any tissue in the body.
iPSCs are cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to an
embryonic stem - cell - like
state, meaning that they can differentiate
into virtually any of the body's different cell types.
Human
embryonic stem cells can exist in two different
states that are termed naïve (the ground
state) and primed (the
state before differentiation
into a specialised cell).
So this language in effect means alterations of
embryonic cells can not be done in the United
States if there is any intent to treat a human being, including implantation of an altered embryo
into a woman's uterus.
It has recently been demonstrated that mouse and human fibroblasts can be reprogrammed
into an
embryonic stem cell - like
state by introducing combinations of four transcription factors.
Now researchers led by the Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute have managed to induce a ground
state by rewiring the genetic circuitry in human
embryonic stem (ES) cells and in adult cells that have been induced
into a pluripotent
state.
Something about the environment of the egg again turned on all of the genes in what had been a differentiated nucleus, reprogramming the adult DNA to its
embryonic state, and the newly pluripotent cell was able to grow
into a tadpole.
Genetic modifications in skin cells (above) induced the cells
into what scientists call a pluripotent
state — a condition that is essentially the same as that of
embryonic stem cells.
The factors caused the differentiated stem cells to go
into an
embryonic - stem - cell - like
state.
Stewart discovered that the histone modifications that poise
embryonic stem cell - specific genes for activation are also found on the histones near genes involved in regeneration, putting them
into a ready - to - go
state.