In the United States, the sugar - cane industry has had little incentive to diversify
into ethanol production because import quotas support U.S. sugar prices far above world levels.
This reflects the reality that approximately 40 percent of the corn crop now goes
into ethanol production, a dramatic rise since the first ethanol mandates were put in place in 2005.
Really, Rufus, those are the talking points the ethanol lobby has been using lately to deflect attention away from the amount of corn going
into ethanol production.
The fossil fuel inputs
into ethanol production are also largely non-liquid (natural gas and coal).
Contrast that to the government pouring billions
into ethanol production because of warming hysteria.
Corn - based ethanol doesn't meet that test and won't benefit from the new standard, CARB says, because diverting corn
into ethanol production increases deforestation and the clearing of grasslands.
Not exact matches
And Brazil, arguably the world leader in making
ethanol from crops, has been turning sugar cane
into fuel for nearly three decades — a process that is 30 % cheaper than corn - based
production in the U.S.
By 2001 every BTU consumed in
ethanol production generated 67 percent more energy, when coproducts like distillers» grains are taken
into account.
(Worse, use of
ethanol instead of gasoline does little to reduce net carbon emissions once the energy - intensive full cycle of
ethanol production — including the energy - intensive fertilizer and transport needs — is taken
into account.)
A key issue is the conversion of existing corn
ethanol and sugarcane
ethanol facilities
into integrated cellulose / starch / sugar
production facilities.
The prevailing approach to biofuels
production is to convert plant sugars from traditional food crops
into ethanol using centuries - old fermentation practices.
Worldwide, policies that promote
ethanol production encourage the conversion of grasslands and rainforests
into farmland.
As you drink and force your body to metabolize alcohol, you're converting
ethanol into acetaldehyde and acetate in your liver, and this causes increased
production of tiny blood vessel constrictors called thromboxanes.
The company they've bought
into has a novel approach to producing
ethanol that could use virtually any carbon source and would decouple that fuel from corn
production, potentially making it possible for cities to produce their own transportation fuel using their own MSW, eliminating some of the need for landfilling and the associated long - tail methane and CO2 releases from same.
The key factors determining carbon emissions for corn - based
ethanol are (1) whether coal or natural gas is used to power the
ethanol plant, (2) whether distillers grains are dried or sold wet, and (3) whether expansion of corn acreage comes mainly from reduced acreage of lower - value crops or if idled land is brought
into production.
What people fail to realize is that Brazil's economic and energy boom is not being fueled by
ethanol alone, but by vast oil deposits they are aggresivly extracting (the reason one George Soros invested 900 million in Petrobas, isn't it nice that he gives money to people who wish to restrict american
production but pours hundreds of millions
into foreign oil companies.).
Whatever you grow that you don't use for food can then be fed
into biofuel
production (as well as biochar
production, as a soil amendment, meaning NEGATIVE emissions), and then you have some amount of
ethanol, biodiesel, or bio-based hydrocarbon product.
The
production of
ethanol for fuel in the US uses huge amounts of land, some of which was brought back
into production for this purpose, large amounts of energy to the point there is probably a net loss, major water consumption, and little savings in net CO2 emissions (which are plant food anyway.)
This extra water use stems from the irrigation of crops like corn that are turned
into ethanol, or in the
production of the electricity for recharging hybrids.
Q Microbe ™ converts a wide array of cellulosic biomass directly
into ethanol in a single step, consolidating enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, largely eliminating costly enzymes and associated pretreatment, and simplifying the entire
production process.
Researchers there are engineering a microbe that combines the last two stages of
ethanol production: converting cellulose
into sugar, and turning sugar
into ethanol.
«The biofuels researcher Timothy Searchinger has calculated that once the massive release of greenhouse gases cause by converting grassland and rainforest
into cropland is taken
into account, introduction of biofuels produces increases in greenhouse emissions, the size of the rise being as much as a doubling for corn
ethanol production,» Montford tells us.
Bloomberg Businessweek explains more clearly than EPA does why the agency had to back - peddle so furiously: «The Environmental Protection Agency proposed requiring less cellulosic
ethanol to be blended
into gasoline next year than sought under U.S. law because
production of the alternative fuel hasn't reached commercial scale.»
By - products of
ethanol production include distiller's grain, which is used as a very low cost cattle feed, and also corn oil can be extracted, which can be converted
into biodiesel.
The proposed action would not affect corn or other
ethanol production and blending requirements, despite growing problems with incorporating more
ethanol into gasoline.
Corn became the predominant feedstock for
ethanol production because of its abundance and ease of transformation
into alcohol.
So some of the cellulose
ethanol plants actually built and functional can't afford to go
into production.
Ethanol's use as an oxygenate to control carbon monoxide emissions, encouraged increased
production of the fuel through the decade and
into the 1990s.»
Practically all the corn diverted for
ethanol production could instead go
into food
production.
Wayne Hoovestol, Chief Executive Officer said: «Algae is potentially a by - product of
ethanol that makes the process cleaner and greener through carbon sequestration... Algae
production fits
into Green Plains» business model since we are already in the business of marketing biofuel and feed products.»
A trial at the Archer Daniel Midlands Company biofuel facility is currently removing 1 million tonnes of CO2 from the atmosphere annually by pumping CO2 from the
production of corn - based
ethanol into rocks 7000 feet below.
While industrial
production of
ethanol may not be the savior as it was once heralded, home distillers are willing to tap
into a more parochial form of energy independence.
In recent years, the
production of
ethanol — a proven vehicle fuel — from cellulosic biomass, such as cereal straw or wood, has moved
into the commercial demonstration phase.
Between 1997 and 2007 US farmland declined by ~ 33 million acres [1]: if that land were put back
into corn
production, it could produce 14 billion gallons of biofuel
ethanol [2] plus the additional food value of the DDGS.
Commodities in general were in a bull market until recently, but there are a lot of energy inputs that go
into corn
production (and hence
ethanol production).
Which brings me to another advantage — domestic
production of
ethanol resulted in over 220 million FEWER barrels of oil imported
into this country, saving over $ 16 billion going to foreign countries.
This has resulted in more land and resources being diverted from feed / food crops
into ethanol crop
production, essentially lowering the availability of all other feed / food crops.
For years, it's been steadily depleting leaving some to wonder about the sustainability of tapping
into it for increased corn irrigation and
ethanol production.»