Sentences with phrase «into eukaryotic»

Over eons, pieces of mitochondrial DNA have naturally inserted into eukaryotic genomes; at birth, for example, humans have between 755 and 1,155 germline mitochondrial DNA inserts that have been passed on through generations.

As natural selection kicked in, these bacteria graudally evolved into eukaryotic cells, then small colonies, then multicellular organsims, then pre-Cambrian biota, then crusaceans, jellyfish and, later, fish.

Not exact matches

A fungus (plural fungi) is a eukaryotic organism that digests its food externally and absorbs the nutrient molecules into its cells.

In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, DNA is packaged with histone proteins into complexes known as chromatin, which are further compacted into chromosomes during cell division.

It allows eukaryotic cells to evolve into multicellular organisms that have remarkable structural and functional variation.

«These RNA molecules will fold into shapes that appear to mimic some of the initiation factors that that you would find in eukaryotic translation,» he says.

These have provided insight into the roles that marine bacteria, archaea, viruses and eukaryotic microbes have as global primary producers that provide nutrition at the base of the food chain; remineralization (the transformation of organic molecules into inorganic forms); and the deposition of carbon on the sea floor.

To help with this, the team uses reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR), converting RNA into complementary DNA and replicating it over and over until the viral genetic signal rises above the bacterial and eukaryotic noise.

Although atmospheric oxygen soon recovered again as photosynthesis and weathering reached a new balance, at about 10 per cent of present - day levels, the oxidative weathering of sulphides on land filled the oceans with sulphate which created abundant food for a group of bacteria that filled the oceans with sewer gas (hydrogen sulphide) toxic to oxygen - loving lifeforms (delaying the development of eukaryotic plants and animals) and turned them «into stinking, stagnant waters almost entirely devoid of oxygen.»

Eukaryotic DNA is divided into several linear bundles called chromosomes that are separated by a microtubular spindle during nuclear division.

However, approximately 40 % of human (and most eukaryotic) proteins localize to chemically distinct subcellular environments, including the organelles that compose the secretory pathway, endocytic vesicles, mitochondria, lysosomes or they are secreted into the extracellular milieu.

The technology included a variety of expression systems, including the wheat germ cell free translation system for eukaryotic gene expression, to take synthetic gene sequences and translate them into proteins.

Recognition and utilization of clear and, for the most part mechanistically well understood, criteria will allow the delineation of bona fide miRNAs from the myriad small RNAs generated in eukaryotic cells, allowing for deeper and robust insights into their function, possible mis - regulation, and evolution.

Kim Orth of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute has worked to elucidate the activity of bacterial virulence factors on the molecular level, providing insights into how bacteria cause disease and how eukaryotic host cells signalin response to infection.

Stephen J. Elledge, Gregor Mendel Professor of Genetics and Medicine in the Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School and in the Division of Genetics at the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, for elucidating how eukaryotic cells sense and respond to damage in their DNA and providing insights into the development and treatment of cancer.

Eukaryotic cells are organised into compartments to coordinate biochemical reactions in space and time.

Data from such investigations provide a unique perspective on the events in this time period, and together present a cohesive framework for examining eukaryotic and animal evolution through the Proterozoic and into the Phanerozoic Eon.

The starting point of my new interest were two fundamental questions: Why do eukaryotic organisms invest that much energy into synthetizing a dazzling array of lipids, when only one lipid is sufficient to form a functional membrane bilayer?

Unlike typical eukaryotic organisms, Tetrahymena has two nuclei — a micronucleus that contains normal chromosomes and a macronucleus whose chromosomes are fragmented into thousands of small pieces of DNA that all encode the same ribosomal RNA gene.

Eukaryotic genetic material is divided into different, [3] linear molecules called chromosomes inside a discrete nucleus, usually with additional genetic material in some organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts (see endosymbiotic theory).

AQA GCSE B1.3 Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells Full 1 hour lesson Lesson structured into starter, task 1, AfL, Task 2, Afl, Task 3 and plenary.