In late summer and early fall of 2014, the team sailed through the southernmost reaches of the Southern Ocean's Pacific sector in search of new insights
into nitrogen cycling.
Whales that are beached on unpopulated shores are left to break down
into the nitrogen cycle «as nature has done for millennia.»
But what happens when humans inject more nitrogen
into the nitrogen cycle (see below) via air pollution?
Not exact matches
The invention of synthetic fertilizer, where
nitrogen is taken from an inert chemical form in the air and turned
into ammonia, has had a profound effect on
nitrogen cycling.
Nitrogen has been wrested from the sky, turned
into plant food and, ultimately, more people — a doubling of the amount of
nitrogen cycling through planetary systems.
Specifically, Blomqvist and his colleagues argue that six of the 10 boundaries — land use, biodiversity,
nitrogen cycle, freshwater use, aerosol and chemical pollution — do not have a hard limit at planet - scale physical thresholds that, if transgressed, would tip them
into functioning differently.
This could provide valuable insights
into the deep - Earth
cycling of carbon,
nitrogen and water.
In environmental biotechnology, new concepts are currently being developed to employ microalgae to recover phosphor and
nitrogen from sewage and reintroduce them
into the nutrient
cycle by means of organic fertilizers.
In the soil, researchers have found that microbes are essential for supporting plant life, mediating uptake and entry of nutrients
into the food chain,
cycling carbon and
nitrogen, breaking down pollutants and much more.
The
Nitrogen Cycle is a biological process that converts ammonia (from fish waste, and uneaten food)
into nitrogen compounds, through the establishment of bacterial colonies.
Our paper on the
nitrogen cycle shows, as an example, how human ingenuity, by inventing an artificial «enzyme» that can convert the abundant gas, N2,
into ammonium, changed the
cycle for that element.
But pollution also covers hundreds of chemicals which are fine or even beneficial at low levels but which if released in large quantities or in problematic circumstances cause «harm» — like phosphorus (grows your veges but also leads to toxic cyanobacterial blooms which kill cattle),
nitrogen (grows crops kills many native species of plants and promotes weed growth costing farmers), copper (used as an oxygen carrier by gastropods but in high concentrations kills the life in sediments which feed fish), hormones like oestrogen (essential for regulating bodies but in high concentrations confuse reproductive
cycles especially with marine life) or maybe molasses from a sugar mill (good for rum but when dumped
into east coast estuaries used to cause oxygen sag in estuaries leading to massive fish kills).