«Water, absorbed
into the oceanic crust as hydrous minerals, follows the plate into the mantle.
Study co-author Heye Freymuth of the University of Bristol explains: «Although uranium was incorporated
into the oceanic crust since the initial rise in atmospheric oxygen about 2.4 billion years ago, the ocean crust did not incorporate higher amounts of uranium - 238 as the oceans did not yet have adequate supplies of oxygen.»
As a member of the American Miscellaneous Society, Munk helped initiate the Moho project to drill
into oceanic crust.
Not exact matches
It marks the plate boundary between the subducting Nazca plate and the South America plate, where the
oceanic crust and lithosphere of the Nazca plate begin their descent
into the mantle beneath South America.
Magma from the mantle forms
oceanic crust when it rises from the mantle to the surface at spreading centers and cools
into the rock that forms the very bottom of the seafloor.
There it will seek out new species and habitats; it may also study subduction zones, where
oceanic crust is recycled back
into the earth's mantle.
The
oceanic crust moves away from the mid-ocean-ridges and ultimately gets transported back
into the underlying mantle through «subduction» at ocean trenches.
This suggests that the MORBs contain a «fingerprint» of the uranium from the
oceanic crust, drawn down from the surface and
into the upper part of Earth's mantle through subduction, according to Andersen.
In particular, the researchers found that a higher ratio of uranium - 238 to uranium - 235 is incorporated
into the modern
oceanic crust, when compared to the uranium isotope signature found in meteorites.
But volcanoes were still spewing
into the atmosphere large amounts of carbon from recycled
oceanic crust.
As long as rapid continental weathering continued, carbonate was deposited on the
oceanic crust and subducted
into what Lowe calls «a big storage facility... that kept most of the carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.»
Older
crust in turn is then forced back down
into the Earth's mantle in places where a continental plate meets an
oceanic plate.
Carbonates are important constituents of marine sediments and are heavily involved in the planet's deep carbon cycle, primarily due to
oceanic crust sinking
into the mantle, a process called subduction.
Scientists now estimate that the circulation of seawater through the
oceanic crust accounts for 34 % of the heat input
into the global oceans, about 25 % of the globe's total heat input.