Sentences with phrase «into photoreceptors»

In vivo conversion of Müller glia into photoreceptors through cell fusion - mediated reprogramming.

His research is focused on retinal regeneration by reprogramming human fibroblasts either into induced pluripotent stem cells or directly into photoreceptors.

Lamba and colleagues recently demonstrated that human embryonic stem cells could be directed to differentiate into photoreceptors and respond to a light stimulus as measured by ERG in crx − / − mice (a model for Leber's congenital amaurosis)[5].

Not exact matches

When light enters the retina, photoreceptor cells translate it into electrical signals.

Among the disorders that Balasubramanian has targeted is retinitis pigmentosa, a group of inherited diseases that cause degeneration of the retina (in the back of the eye where millions of photoreceptors capture light rays that the brain turns into images).

Once such mutation prevents the production of an enzyme needed to break down retinol, a form of vitamin A, into a substance that photoreceptors need to detect light and send signals to the brain.

The artificial retina then converts the signal into electrical impulses, which bypass damaged photoreceptors and stimulate the retina's remaining cells.

Surgeons will inject the cells into the retina in the space usually occupied by RPEs, directly adjacent to the photoreceptor cells.

Through the same viral strategy, both photoreceptor types were then introduced into neurons.

«The goal is to halt the rate of photoreceptor loss,» says Robert Lanza, chief scientist at Advanced Cell Technology (ACT) of Worcester, Massachusetts, the company that has been developing the treatment since first turning hESCs into RPEs in 2004.

Some scientists are trying to inject signaling molecules into the eye to stimulate light - collecting photoreceptor cells to regrow.

The photoreceptors in the retina, at the back of the eyes, are the primary light sensitive cells that allow us to see: they convert light into electrical signals.

At the top of the image are the retina's photoreceptor cells (in gray)-- the familiar rods and cones — that capture photons of light and translates them into electrical currents.

By studying what pushes those 6 percent into their fate as photoreceptor cells, researchers might figure out how to generate a larger number of transplantable cells.

In people with these conditions the photoreceptors, which transform light hitting the eye into electrical impulses, are damaged, preventing the brain from receiving image information.

Ortega - Hernández observed that bright spots at the front of the bodies, which are in fact simple photoreceptors, are embedded into the anterior sclerite.

Their findings suggest that even the earliest animals had the makings of both vertebrate and invertebrate visual systems, and that some of the photoreceptor cells in the invertebrate brain were transformed through a series of steps into vertebrate eyes.

Detlev Arendt and Joachim Wittbrodt, developmental biologists at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, jumped into the fray after Arendt noticed some vertebrate - like photoreceptor cells in the brains of ragworms, a marine species that hasn't changed much for 500 million years.

The therapy employs a virus to insert a gene for a common ion channel into normally blind cells of the retina that survive after the light - responsive rod and cone photoreceptor cells die as a result of diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa.

In people with these conditions the retina's photoreceptors — which transform light hitting the eye into electrical impulses — are often damaged, preventing visual information from being sent to the brain.

Some of the cells in this layer (the photoreceptors) convert light into an electrical signal that is then amplified and processed by other cells before being sent to the brain via the optic nerve.

There are even efforts underway to transplant cultured photoreceptor cells into the retina to replace those lost from advanced disease.

Genetic defects cause photoreceptor degeneration, which are majorly classified into rod - cone dystrophy called retinitis pigmentosa (rods initially degenerate, followed by cone degeneration), cone - rod dystrophy (cone degeneration, followed by rod degeneration), and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA).

New information about how light energy is changed into neural signals shows how an individual photoreceptor cell of the eye registers the absorption of a single photon, or quantum of light

However, both Goldberg and Albini agreed there is no evidence that this kind of therapy could have treated the patients» sight problems even if carried out correctly and only sparse evidence that adipose cells can differentiate into retinal pigment epithelium or photoreceptor cells, which play a critical role in macular degeneration.

Human - induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be directed to develop into light - sensing photoreceptor cells of the retina.

When transplanted to the subretinal space of mice lacking functional photoreceptors, human embryonic stem cells directed toward a retinal lineage integrate into the outer nuclear layer, express photoreceptor markers, and restore a light response as determined by the electroretinogram (ERG)[5].

Rod and cone photoreceptors in the outer retina transduce light into electrical signals.

Human ES cells treated with Noggin, Dickkopf - 1, and Insulin - like Growth Factor - 1 proteins differentiate into functional photoreceptors [5].

Photoreceptors are specialized neurons in the retina that convert light into signals that the brain interprets as sight.

The apical domain can be further subdivided into spatially and functionally distinct regions, nicely seen in photoreceptor cells, where the apical domain is further subdivided into the rhabdomere and the stalk membrane (green and magenta, respectively, in Fig.

The team transplanted stem cell - derived photoreceptors into another strain of mouse, called CRX null, which is congenitally blind.

Lanza's team figured out how to coax stem cells taken from human embryos into becoming the RPE cells that die off along with photoreceptors in macular degeneration, and in 2011 the team began injecting these manufactured cells into patients» eyes.

GenSight's treatment is for people with damaged photoreceptor cells but intact ganglion cells; it inserts the gene into the ganglion cells, whose axons form the basis of the optic nerve.

These cells can develop into any type of retinal cell, including RPE cells or photoreceptors.

The treatment makes these ganglion cells act like photoreceptors, responding to patterns of light that pass through the retina and converting them into patterns of electricity that go directly to the brain.

The macula is densely packed with photoreceptor cells called rods and cones that react to light and send electrical nerve impulses to the optic nerve and into the brain.

In the past, neural stem and progenitor cells from various sources were introduced into eyes with the thought that they might differentiate and replace photoreceptors lost in retinal disease [13]--[19].

These cells protect and nourish the retina, remove waste products, prevent new blood vessel growth into the retinal layer, and absorb light not absorbed by the photoreceptor cells; these actions prevent the scattering of the light and enhance clarity of vision.

iPS - RPE cells were injected into the subretinal space between the host RPE and photoreceptor cells (B) A layer of iPS - RPE cells in the subretinal space of the dystrophic RCS rat 20 hours following transplantation.

Subretinal transplantation of MACS purified photoreceptor precursor cells into the adult mouse retina.

iPS - RPE are capable of phagocytosing photoreceptor material, in vitro and in vivo following transplantation into the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) dystrophic rat.

In vitro expanded stem cells from the developing retina fail to generate photoreceptors but differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes.

These are the photoreceptor support cells in the retina that are critical for the process of light into sight conversion.