Sentences with phrase «into plant cells»

The receptor triggers the plant cell's death as soon as the harmful fungus attempts to inject the AvrPm3 protein into the plant cell.

The concept of ETI was developed to describe defense against pathogens that enter into plant cells (e.g. wheat rusts and mildews, potato late blight pathogens) and fits their defense mechanisms well.

Zeneca claims that it could even replace the two other principal methods for introducing DNA into plant cells, which are expensive, fiddly and require special apparatus.

And Agrobacterium is not essential either; foreign genes can be fired into plant cells on metal particles shot from a «gene gun».

TAL effectors are injected into plant cells by the bacterium, enter the nucleus, and activate specific plant «susceptibility» (S) genes that contribute to disease development.

«Imagine a hollow needle at the head of the nematode that the parasite uses to penetrate into the plant cell wall and secrete pathogenic proteins and hormone mimics,» said Carola De La Torre, a co-author of the study and plant sciences PhD student with Mitchum's lab.

Bock, Zhang, and their colleagues, however, have now made a «clever modification» to the earlier, partially successful strategy, Whyard notes, by inserting the instructions to make the double - stranded insecticidal RNA into plant cells» chloroplasts, instead of into their nuclei.

«In addition to the new insights into plant cell microtubule organization, these observations of GCP - WD function will be of interest to scientists studying microtubules in animals, where GCP - WD has been challenging to observe it in action,» Ehrhardt added.

The A. tumefaciens plasmids broke into the plant cell and penetrated its DNA, inserting up to 25,000 base pairs of its own.

By identifying the molecular signals emitted through the soil by friendly fungi, the protein enables a plant to «roll out the red carpet» for cell colonisation by the fungi, and all the survival advantages this mutually - beneficial relationship brings — the fungi feeds minerals such as phosphate into plant cells in return for sugar extraction.

In their earlier work, the Halle lab already proved that the bacteria introduce numerous harmful proteins, so - called effectors, into plant cells via a specialised secretion system which works like a molecular syringe.

Strano's team now understood how to insert any tiny particle, material, or even nanomachine into a plant cell.

The bacterium launches an infection by sticking a needle - like tube into the plant cell and injecting proteins called effectors.

There are numerous, diverse mechanisms that allow a low frequency of gene movement between species, such as accidental fusion of cells between different species, or the injection of DNA by bacteria into plant cells.

Let's zoom into a plant cell and check out what happens there.

Attack at the protein front: Xanthomonas bacteria cause diseases in tomato and pepper plants and inject harmful proteins into plant cells.

Together with our foreign partner, Ralph Hückelhoven (Technical University of Munich), we also hypothesize that compatible fungal pathogens use the plant cell polarity machinery to enter into plant cells.

New research has revealed that a plant protein known to detect growth - promoting compounds in smoke from burning vegetation has a much older and broader role: recognising initial signals sent from the beneficial soil fungi that deliver nutrients directly into plant cells.

Found in soil worldwide, A. tumefaciens causes disease in plants by transferring its own DNA into plant cells.

In the second method, called «biolistics», the foreign DNA is coated on tiny beads of metal that are fired into the plant cells.