In 2006, Michele De Luca, MD, from the Center for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia in Italy and colleagues reported in Nature Medicine on introducing working copies of LAMB3 aboard retroviruses
into skin stem cells sampled from a man with JEB, fashioning grafts patched onto nine small areas of his legs.
But in a process called asymmetric division, a cell divides into two daughters that are not identical — a skin stem cell divides
into another skin stem cell and a regular skin cell, for example.
Not exact matches
The process takes a person's cells (blood,
skin) and converts them
into stem cells.
One of the key caveats at the time, however, was that the technique required the use of a virus to introduce several genes
into the
skin (or other) cell, and these would remain in the cell, and so might contaminate the resulting
stem cell or create cancer risks.
The
stems contain a substance that can cause irritation if they come
into contact with the
skin.
Just use some smashed garlic, the ends of your onion, ends of the carrot, smashed and then cut
into 1/2 inch chunks of lemongrass, the anise, the
skin of your ginger, lime leaf is great if you have it, and a dash of soy sauce, the
stems and some mushrooms too of course!
1/2 cup tamarind pulp 3/4 cup water 4 green chiles such as jalapeños, seeds and
stems removed, sliced
into rings 1 cup chopped shallots 5 cloves garlic, minced 2 tablespoons finely chopped fresh ginger 3 tablespoons vegetable oil 1 teaspoon ground cayenne 1 3 - pound chicken,
skinned, boned, and cut
into 1 - inch cubes 1 1/2 cups coconut milk, see recipe, here 4 green New Mexican chiles, roasted and peeled,
stems and seeds removed, chopped
Ingredients Oil 8
skin - on, bone - in chicken thighs Salt 1 large onion chopped 4 cloves garlic, minced 3 small carrots, finely diced 2 stalks celery, finely diced 1 red pepper, diced 1 green pepper, diced 1 jalapeño pepper, seeds removed, minced 1 1/2 teaspoons turmeric 2 teaspoons sweet paprika 1 teaspoon ground cumin 2 cups long - grain white rice 1/2 bunch kale,
stem removed, leaves cut
into ribbons and rubbed with salt (I like lacinato, but use whatever you like) 1 cup frozen peas, left to defrost on the counter while you make the rest of the meal 2 tablespoons chopped cilantro Juice of half a lemon, plus lemon wedges for garnish
Peel the tough outer
skin off the
stem, then chop the remaining inner
stem into small pieces.
1 teaspoon vegetable oil 1 pound chicken breasts, bone - in,
skin - on, trimmed of excess fat and
skin salt and pepper 4 tablespoons (1 stick) unsalted butter 8 ounces button mushrooms, thinly sliced 2 large shallots, finely chopped 4 cloves minced garlic 1/4 cup all - purpose flour 3 1/2 cups milk 1/4 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper 1/4 teaspoon freshly grated nutmeg 4 ounces spinach,
stemmed, washed, sliced
into 1/4 - inch ribbons 3 ounces (1 1/2 cups) grated Parmesan, divided fresh lasagna noodles (if homemade, use 1 egg + 2/3 cup (3.2 ounces) flour, kneaded and rolled to the next - to - thinnest setting on a pasta roller, blanched as described here)
ingredients ROASTED VEGETABLES: 1 24 - ounce bag baby medley potatoes 1 head fennel (
stem removed, cored, cut
into 1 / 2 - inch wedges) 2 large carrots (peeled, cut
into 1 - inch pieces on a bias) 4 cloves garlic (
skin - on) 1 lemon (cut in half widthwise then halves quartered) 2 tablespoons thyme (leaves only) 1 tablespoon cumin seeds (crushed) 1 tablespoon coriander seeds (crushed) 1/4 cup olive oil Kosher salt and freshly cracked black pepper (to taste) MUSTARD, TARRAGON AND PANKO CRUSTED BONE - IN PRIME RIB: 1 4 - 6 pound 3 - rib standing prime rib roast 1/2 cup English mustard 1/4 cup extra-virgin olive oil 2 cups panko breadcrumbs 1/4 cup tarragon (leaves only, chopped) Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper (to taste)
One large head of organic cauliflower, washed and cut
into bite - sized florets One pound or more of small red potatoes,
skin on — washed and quartered Spray coconut or olive oil Salt Olive oil 1 inch piece of fresh ginger, peeled and then grated 1 tablespoon of ground cumin 1/2 teaspoon of ground turmeric powder 1/4 teaspoon or less of ground cayenne 1/4 teaspoon of salt 1/4 cup of water Handful of fresh cilantro leaves — washed and
stems removed
1 bunch kale —
stems removed, leaves chopped
into bite size pieces 1/2 medium kabocha squash or other winter squash — roughly chopped,
skin removed 1 tablespoon coconut oil 1 large onion — finely chopped 1 tablespoon curry powder (I used homemade curry from this amazing book) sea salt 1 1/2 cup warm good quality vegetable broth 1 cup unsweetened canned coconut milk, plus more if needed 1/2 lime — juice Parmesan or sheep / goat milk feta — to taste, optional freshly ground black pepper 1 - 2 tablespoon finely chopped parsley
Remove
skin,
stems, and seeds from chiles; chop flesh
into 1/4» pieces.
Some fruits, such as melon and apples, can be blended
into the water after you remove the
skins, seeds and
stems.
Treating the
skin cells with a biochemical cocktail to promote neural
stem cell characteristics seemed to do the trick, turning it
into a one - step process, he and his colleague report today in Science Translational Medicine.
To make the HSCs, the Harvard group used human
skin cells to create induced pluripotent
stem cells (iPSCs), adult cells researchers genetically reprogram to an embryonic -
stem - cell state, where they can grow
into any kind of cell.
To solve these problems, Hingtgen's group wanted to see whether they could skip a step in the genetic reprogramming process, which first transforms adult
skin cells
into standard
stem cells and then turns those
into neural
stem cells.
The researchers dialed the
skin cells back, developmentally speaking, to produce induced pluripotent
stem cells (iPSCs)-- a special type of cell that can both self - renew, making more iPSCs, and differentiate, specializing
into almost any other cell type.
The idea fell out of favour following the scandal of 2005, and after the development of a way to turn ordinary
skin cells
into so - called induced pluripotent
stem cells (iPS cells), which behave rather like hESCs.
To develop their «disease in a dish» model, the team took
skin cells from patients with Allan - Herndon - Dudley syndrome and reprogrammed them
into induced pluripotent
stem cells, which then can be developed
into any type of tissue in the body.
«In effort to treat rare blinding disease, researchers turn
stem cells
into blood vessels: Patients around the world contribute
skin samples to test potential new therapy.»
Since 2006, researchers have been able of take differentiated specialized cells, like
skin cells, and transform them
into induced pluripotent
stem cells or iPSCs.
Cellular reprogramming turns an adult cell, such as a
skin cell,
into an induced pluripotent
stem (iPS) cell.
Anand and his colleague Susan McKay started with human
skin cells, which they turned
into induced pluripotent
stem cells (iPSCs) using a tried - and - tested method.
Scientists may have turned mouse
skin cells
into embryolike
stem cells, but prior claims for the power of adult cells have yet to stand the test of time
Wells's team first turned human
skin cells
into pluripotent
stem cells, which can grow
into any type of tissue.
Finally, he would suck out
stem - cell - rich fat from the patient's belly and inject it
into a layer under the dermis to replenish the fat that keeps
skin elastic and soft.
To investigate the role of astroglia in Down syndrome, the research team took
skin cells from individuals with Down syndrome and transformed them
into stem cells, which are known as induced pluripotent
stem cells (iPSC).
Last year Loring transformed
skin cells from the drill, a silver - bearded African monkey,
into a pluripotent
stem cell that can form many different tissue types.
They then tried to reprogram
skin cells from the animals, turning them
into induced pluripotent
stem cells (iPS), which are capable of forming other types of cell.
Thanks to crucial contributions from three young lab members, he said, his team succeeded in converting mature
skin cells
into pluripotent
stem cells.
Zheng, together with Leah Boyer, then a researcher in Gage's lab and now director of Salk's
Stem Cell Core, generated diseased neurons by taking skin cells from patients with Leigh syndrome, reprogramming them into stem cells in culture and then coaxing them to develop into brain cells in a d
Stem Cell Core, generated diseased neurons by taking
skin cells from patients with Leigh syndrome, reprogramming them
into stem cells in culture and then coaxing them to develop into brain cells in a d
stem cells in culture and then coaxing them to develop
into brain cells in a dish.
By turning on a several genes in adult cells, scientists can transform
skin or blood cells
into stem cells that can become every cell type in the body — without the ethical and practical complications of using embryos or oocytes.
Like Medieval alchemists who searched for an elixir that could turn base metals
into gold, biology's modern alchemists have learned how to use oocytes to turn normal
skin cells
into valuable
stem cells, and even whole animals.
Cohen suspects that the protein triggers off a sequence of events by which the raw
stem cells — the «ancestors» of bone, cartilage,
skin, ligament, marrow, muscle and tendon cells — are converted
into bone cells.
«We have converted
skin cells to
stem cells and developed a highly efficient process to convert these
stem cells
into kidney structures that resemble those found in a normal human kidney.
In the present study, her team took
skin cells from patients with lissencephaly and turned them
into iPS cells, which they then cultivated under special conditions
into neuronal
stem cells and neurons that are copies of those in the patients» brains.
Scientists recently announced that they have found a way to turn human
skin into cells that have all the therapeutic potential of embryonic
stem cells.
In the last few years, researchers have learned how to turn embryonic
stem cells
into all sorts of different cell types, such as
skin cells, heart
The
skin's ability to grow back after a wound led scientists to assume that it must contain
stem cells, immature cells that can rapidly differentiate
into many different types of tissue.
Jun Takahashi at Kyoto University, Japan, and colleagues wondered whether they could treat monkeys with a disease like Parkinson's using induced pluripotent
stem cells, which are made by coaxing blood or
skin cells
into becoming
stem cells.
«You'd still have to ration the therapy,» cautions Robert Hariri, chief researcher at Anthrogenesis in Cedar Knolls, New Jersey, which announced this year that it had morphed human placental
stem cells
into nerve, blood, cartilage,
skin, and muscle cells.
Young - Pearse and colleagues believe that their strategy of using induced pluripotent
stem cells to reprogram patient
skin cells
into neurons of interest could be used to predict which therapeutics will best help early onset Alzheimer's patients.
Then De Luca and colleagues used a retrovirus to insert a healthy copy of the LAMB3 gene
into DNA in the lab - grown
skin stem cells.
«Use of induced pluripotent
stem cell (iPSC) technology» — which involves taking
skin cells from patients and reprogramming them
into embryonic - like
stem cells capable of turning
into other specific cell types relevant for studying a particular disease — «makes it possible to model dementias that affect people later in life,» says senior study author Catherine Verfaillie of KU Leuven.
• A Yale research team led by Diane Krause turned a single
stem cell from the bone marrow of an adult mouse
into lung, liver, intestinal, and
skin cells for other mice.
We converted mouse
skin cells
into induced pluripotent
stem cells — undifferentiated cells that can be used to generate any tissue in the body.
Last month, Shinya Yamanaka at Kyoto University showed he could transform adult
skin cells
into cells akin to human embryonic
stem cells.
The scientists collected
skin cells from 19 people, aged from birth to 89, and prompted them to turn
into brain cells using both the induced pluripotent
stem cell technique and the direct conversion approach.