Moreover, the iPS cells can spontaneously differentiate or be induced
into various cell types of three embryonic germ layers in vitro and in vivo when they are injected into immunodeficient mice for teratoma formation.
Once implanted, the cells are designed to differentiate
into the various cell types that make up the pancreatic islet, which could allow for production of insulin and other hormones, such as glucagon, needed to control blood sugar levels.
Now, a collaboration between the RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS) and other institutions in Japan and Europe have found that in immune cells, simply blocking a transcription factor that leads to differentiation is sufficient to keep cells in a multipotent stem cell - like state where they can continue to proliferate and can later differentiate
into various cell types.
«This includes the cell division, cell growth and the differentiation
into various cell types, such as shoots, leaves or fruit.
One likely reason for this is that animals undergo cellular differentiation; human life begins as a single cell that differentiates
into the various cell types needed for different organs, body parts, blood, the immune system, etc..
Not exact matches
These
cells are unique to this stage of development, and will migrate to the baby's bone morrow soon after birth, transforming themselves
into various types of blood - making
cells.
Slight modifications in their genome sequences play a crucial role in the conversion of pluripotent stem
cells into various differentiated
cell types.
In newborn mammals, the SVZ is the biggest depot for the precursor
cells that migrate to populate
various brain regions, and differentiate
into multiple
cell types.
This ball of
cells contains «pluripotent stem
cells» — blank slates that can be programed
into any
type of
cell in the body — and researchers are hoping to use these stem
cells to treat
various conditions, including infertility.
Understanding stem / progenitor
cells — which can develop
into various types of tissue — are key to developing novel approaches for regenerative medicine.
Medical researchers have been working to use stem
cells, immature
cells that can develop
into various types of tissue, to regenerate cartilage.
In the bone marrow, these
cells normally differentiate
into various blood
cell types.
Packed
into the nucleus, DNA folds
into a functional form that differs in
various types of
cells.
Induced pluripotent stem
cells can be generated from
various types of
cells in the body, and they can in turn be coaxed to develop
into nearly any other
cell type.
Injected
into rodents, the
cells don't form tumors; rather, they migrate through the animals» brains, where they differentiate
into various types of neural
cells including the
cells that create the myelin that protects nerve fibers.
To test whether the
cells would maintain their multipotency in living animals, the researchers transplanted them
into mice whose white blood
cells had been depleted, and showed that the new
cells could expand and differentiate
into various types of white blood
cells.
While the potential of adult stem
cells has been understood for some time, researchers have argued that the pluripotency of embryonic stem
cells — their ability to be transformed
into most if not all of the
various cell types of the body — make them more valuable both for research and potentially someday for treatment.
Human stem
cells show much promise for regenerative medicine because they can transform
into various specialized
cell types, including bone and cartilage
cells.
The collection of protocols includes the isolation and maintenance of stem
cells from
various species using «conventional» and novel methods, such as derivation of ES
cells from single blastomeres, differentiation of stem
cells into specific tissue
types, isolation and maintenance of somatic stem
cells, stem
cell - specific techniques and approaches to tissue engineering using stem
cell derivatives.
In an apparent world first, Japanese researchers have succeeded in producing intestine from induced pluripotent stem (iPS)
cells in mice, which can develop
into various types of
cells in the body.
Some
cells differentiated themselves
into various types of the nerve
cells (neurons) found in several brain regions, while others remained «neural progenitors,» creating a reservoir of potential neurons to be used later.
The technique uses
cells from a patient's skin to generate induced pluripotent stem
cells (iPSCs), which are capable of developing
into various types of mature tissues — including blood.
There are
various types of bladder tumors like squamous
cell carcinoma (arise in the epithelial
cells), adenocarcinoma (arise in the glandular epithelium), undifferentiated carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma (tumor of the striated muscle - form of fibers combined
into parallel fibers like the skeletal and the cardiac muscles), fibroma (tumors made of fibrous or connective tissue.