The odds of receiving individual interventions (augmentation, epidural or spinal analgesia, general anaesthesia, ventouse or forceps
delivery,
intrapartum caesarean section, episiotomy, active management of the third stage) were lower in all three non-obstetric unit settings, with the greatest reductions seen for planned home and freestanding midwifery unit births (table 4 ⇓).
As
intrapartum death and
delivery related neonatal death are very uncommon after an elective
caesarean delivery in the event of a term fetus without congenital anomalies, we excluded elective
caesarean sections from the denominator for
intrapartum and
delivery related neonatal death.