FRA enforce rail safety regulations and statutes through routine inspections (sample of track, locomotives, rail cars, operating practices, signals and train control systems, and hazardous material shipments for compliance with Federal safety standards
at high risk areas) and broader assessments; investigate and analyze
accidents; manage state
involvement in rail safety programs; and implement highway - rail grade crossing programs.
Five programs showed favorable effects
in some aspect of child maltreatment reduction: (1) Child FIRST showed a favorable effect on family
involvement with child protective services53; (2) Early Start on 2 measures, including the percentage who went to the hospital for
accident, injury, or accidental poisoning, and parents» report of severe or very severe physical assault25, 26; (3) EHS had a favorable effect on physical punishment
at 36 months66; (4) HFA showed 14 favorable impacts on measures of parenting behaviors, such as corporal punishment, self - reported serious physical abuse, and aggression, 30,50,67 — 69 and 1 measure of the biological mother as a confirmed subject of sexual abuse report by the child's seventh birthday50; and (5) NFP had favorable effects on 7 measures, including health care encounters for injuries or ingestions and substantiated abuse or neglect 15 years after program enrollment.34, 35,42,70,71 One program, Healthy Steps, showed no effect on 1 measure
in this domain.65