Sentences with phrase «involving changes in ocean»

Various mechanisms, involving changes in ocean circulation, changes in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases or haze particles, and changes in snow and ice cover, have been invoked to explain these sudden regional and global transitions.

So was there a climate shift after the turn of the century involving changes in ocean and atmospheric circulation involving cloud changes?

They involve changes in ocean and atmospheric circulation, ice, cloud, dust and biology.

Not exact matches

The foundation of the research involved tracking the changes in ocean circulation in new detail by studying three sediment cores extracted from the seafloor of the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 during a scientific cruise.

«This is an important finding because it highlights the role that the rapidly changing Greenland ice sheet plays in supplying nutrients to the Arctic Ocean,» observed Eran Hood of the University of Alaska Southeast in Juneau, who studies the meltwater from coastal glaciers in Alaska, and was not involved in the new study.

«Evidence from Kipp and co-workers for substantial ongoing change in the chemical environment of the Arctic Ocean emphasizes the need for sustained study of these changes and of the processes involved,» said Bob Anderson, an Ewing - Lamont Research Professor at the Lamont - Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University and the director of the U.S. GEOTRACES Program Office.

The discovery of genes involved in the production of DMSP in phytoplankton, as well as bacteria, will allow scientists to better evaluate which organisms make DMSP in the marine environment and predict how the production of this influential molecule might be affected by future environmental changes, such as the warming of the oceans due to climate change.

Richard Alley, a Penn State geosciences professor who wasn't involved with the new study, said far more work is needed to understand the effects of wind and ocean changes in the Southern Hemisphere's most frigid stretches.

«The 2 °C target was all about warming and didn't involve consideration of ocean acidification in any direct way,» said University of Queensland professor Ove Hoegh - Guldberg, one of the lead authors of the recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment chapter dealing with ocean impacts.

«Documenting an effect of OA [ocean acidification] involves showing a change in a species (e.g. population abundance or distribution) as a consequence of anthropogenic changes in marine carbonate chemistry.

Hoerling and Kumar (2003) attributed the drought to changes in atmospheric circulation associated with warming of the western tropical Pacific and Indian oceans, while McCabe et al. (2004) have produced evidence suggesting that the confluence of both Pacific decadal and Atlantic multi-decadal fluctuations is involved.

Numerous denier arguments involving slight fluctuations in the global distribution of warmer vs cooler sea surface areas as supposed explanations of climate change neglect all the energy that goes into ocean heat content, melting large ice deposits and so forth.

Because the drains out of the various bathtubs involved in the climate — atmospheric concentrations, the heat balance of the surface and oceans, ice sheet accumulations, and thermal expansion of the oceans — are small and slow, the emissions we generate in the next few decades will lead to changes that, on any time scale we can contemplate, are irreversible.

One of those proposed and observed mechanisms involves changes in Pacific winds which cause more heat to be transferred from the atmosphere to the ocean (you can read a paper if you want the details).

The class of hypothetical climate shifts to which I allude involve fundamental changes in the frequency and amplitude of known oscillatory behavio (u) r of the atmosphere - ocean - cryosphere system and the potential emergence of new oscillatory behaviors.

Temperature tends to respond so that, depending on optical properties, LW emission will tend to reduce the vertical differential heating by cooling warmer parts more than cooler parts (for the surface and atmosphere); also (not significant within the atmosphere and ocean in general, but significant at the interface betwen the surface and the air, and also significant (in part due to the small heat fluxes involved, viscosity in the crust and somewhat in the mantle (where there are thick boundary layers with superadiabatic lapse rates) and thermal conductivity of the core) in parts of the Earth's interior) temperature changes will cause conduction / diffusion of heat that partly balances the differential heating.

They also ignored the processes involved, including, but not limited to, the differences in properties of grazed lands compared to woodlands, the effect of the ocean and other sequestration sinks, and the fact the while undergoing deterioration and desertification, poorly managed grasslands are an emission source instead of a sequestration sink due to land use changes.

The Arctic Ocean losing its ice is almost certainly involved in the initiation of northern thermohaline demise, so albedo change will compensate.

To the extent that this abrupt cooling event can be identified with ocean dynamics, regardless of whether it involves the GSA or an abrupt change in the intensity of the AMOC, it provides a plausible explanation of why the NH warmed less rapidly from around the time of the end of WW II to 1980 than the SH.

As pointed out above a small change in ocean temperature involves a very large change in energy.

Francis, who wasn't involved with either study, is one of the main proponents of an idea that by altering how much heat the ocean lets out, sea ice melt and Arctic warming can also change atmospheric circulation patterns, in particular by making the jet stream form larger peaks, or highs, and troughs, or lows.

They should be proudly supporting the wind farm and thereby being involved in saving the world from the damage that climate change and ocean acidification will bring, instead they choose to be selfish, short - sighted and self - defeating in the long - term.

The abrupt shifts in Pacific Ocean circulation involve changes in the PDO in the north - eastern Pacific and coincident changes in the frequency and intensity of ENSO events.

The Arctic climate affects the world: Changes in sea ice affect ocean circulation, which, in turn, affects atmospheric circulation that then impacts the globe, said Bruce Forbes, a geographer at the Arctic Center at the University of Lapland in Finland, who was not involved in the study.

There are temperature effects involving both energy transfer — to a cool ocean in a La Nina and from a warm ocean in an El Nino — and cloud changes involving both SST and convection changes.

While Mass was not involved with the new study, his prior research reached similar conclusions regarding a strong influence of Pacific Ocean cycles on changes in annual snowpack levels in the Cascade mountains.

It is not clear that the world is warming post the 1998/2001 climate shift — that involved a climatically significant step change in albedo as a response to abrupt changes in ocean and atmospheric circulation.

The mechanism involves cloud changes in these major internally driven reorganizations atmospheric and ocean circulation.

The most natural type of long term variability is in my view based on slowly varying changes in ocean circulation, which doesn't necessarily involve major transfer of heat from one place to another but influences cloudiness and other large scale weather patterns and through that the net energy flux of the Earth system.

How atmospheric and ocean circulation responds to various changes in forcing would need to be detailed if someone wanted to «prove» anthropogenic forcing is involved other than a minor increase in the average surface temperature.

These results also increase our overall understanding of glacial − interglacial cycles by putting further constraints on the timing and strength of other processes involved in these cycles, like changes in sea ice and ice sheet extents or changes in ocean circulation and deep water formation.

Unlike Charney climate sensitivity, which is related to the strength of feedbacks involving short timescale climate processes such as those involving clouds and water vapor, Earth System sensitivity also integrates feedbacks involving long timescale changes in the cryosphere, terrestrial vegetation, and deep ocean circulation.

Though more work is needed to fully understand these long term trends, especially what happens from the mid-1970's, it is likely that changes in ocean circulation involving some combination of the Atlantic meridional overtuning circulation and the subtropical cells are required to explain the observations.

Thus if the two mid latitude jets move equatorward at the same time as the ITCZ moves closer to the equator the combined effect on global albedo and the amount of solar energy able to penetrate the oceans will be substantial and would dwarf the other proposed effects on albedo from changes in cosmic ray intensity generating changes in cloud totals as per Svensmark and from suggested changes caused in upper cloud quantities by changes in atmospheric chemistry involving ozone which various other climate sceptics propose.

However, the conditions predicted for the open ocean may not reflect the future conditions in the coastal zone, where many of these organisms live (Hendriks et al. 2010a, b; Hofmann et al. 2011; Kelly and Hofmann 2012), and results derived from changes in pH in coastal ecosystems often include processes other than OA, such as emissions from volcanic vents, eutrophication, upwelling and long - term changes in the geological cycle of CO2, which commonly involve simultaneous changes in other key factors affecting the performance of calcifiers, thereby confounding the response expected from OA by anthropogenic CO2 alone.

This new concept of anthropogenic impacts on seawater pH formulated here accommodates the broad range of mechanisms involved in the anthropogenic forcing of pH in coastal ecosystems, including changes in land use, nutrient inputs, ecosystem structure and net metabolism, and emissions of gases to the atmosphere affecting the carbon system and associated pH. The new paradigm is applicable across marine systems, from open - ocean and ocean - dominated coastal systems, where OA by anthropogenic CO2 is the dominant mechanism of anthropogenic impacts on marine pH, to coastal ecosystems where a range of natural and anthropogenic processes may operate to affect pH.

Whereas detection of OA by anthropogenic CO2 has been achieved in open - ocean time series, we contend that it has not yet been achieved reliably in coastal ecosystems and that attribution of observed changes in vulnerable organisms to OA has been confounded in the past by failure to acknowledge the different components of anthropogenic impacts on pH possibly involved.

In the 1950s, an ingenious (although faulty) model involving changes in the Arctic Ocean suggested a disturbing possibility of arbitrary shiftIn the 1950s, an ingenious (although faulty) model involving changes in the Arctic Ocean suggested a disturbing possibility of arbitrary shiftin the Arctic Ocean suggested a disturbing possibility of arbitrary shifts.

This question came up on an NRC panel on ocean acidification that I was involved with — do the extinctions during the PETM tell us anything about how much the changing pH in the ocean would affect, say, fisheries?

Some of them involved doing one thing or another to the oceans to change the way in which

Some of them involved doing one thing or another to the oceans to change the way in which carbon is sequestered there, while others try to do things to the atmosphere to deflect incoming solar radiation.