The number after the «T», such as T3 or T4, stands for the number
of iodine molecules the hormone contains.
Following their first steps using the relatively
simple iodine molecule, the team is now planning to expand their studies to molecules with more than two atoms.
Researchers used the UED instrument's electron beam to look
at iodine molecules at different points in time after the laser pulse.
In 1986, scientists found that
iodine molecules split into atoms at very high pressures, and another experiment suggested that fiercer conditions might break up nitrogen molecules.
In the case of UED, an electron beam shines through a gas
of iodine molecules, with the distance between the two iodine nuclei in each molecule defining the double slit, and hits a detector instead of a screen.
As
the iodine molecules vibrate, the diffraction pattern changes, and we can follow the changes in nuclear separation in real time.»
This stimulated vibrations in
the iodine molecules, which consist of two iodine atoms connected via a chemical bond (top left).
X-ray crystallography confirmed that
the iodine molecules line up inside the hollow core of the aligned nanorings.
Triiodothyronine (or T3) is the active thyroid hormone in your body and it contains three
iodine molecules.
T3 is «made» by a conversion of T4 into T3, by removing one of
the iodine molecules on the T4 (hence 3 molecules instead of 4).
No, T4 is not all converted to T3, it can be converted to rT3, it depends on where the iodine is removed from the T4 (a 4 -
iodine molecule).
T3, tri-iodothyronine, consists of the amino acid tyrosine plus three
iodine molecules.
T4, tetra - iodothyronine, consists of the amino acid tyrosine plus four
iodine molecules.
So when you're deiodinating something you're pulling off 1
iodine molecule.
In fact, the names of the different forms of thyroid hormone reflect the number of
iodine molecules attached — T4 has four attached iodine molecules, and T3 has three — showing what an important part iodine plays in thyroid biochemistry.
When needed, the T4 cycles back through the thyroid gland, which attaches
an iodine molecule, converting it to the active form, T3.