Sentences with phrase «ion concentration decreases»

This second reaction is important because reduced seawater carbonate ion concentrations decrease the saturation levels of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), a hard mineral used by many marine microbes, plants and animals to form shells and skeletons.

Not exact matches

Excess carbon dioxide enters the ocean, reacts with water, decreases ocean pH and lowers carbonate ion concentrations, making waters more corrosive to marine species that need carbonate ions and dissolved calcium to build and maintain healthy shells and skeletons.

Either the increased concentration of free calcium ions or their increased mobility (likely both, the researchers speculate) results in a decrease in the electrical resistance throughout the material, which can be detected with a multimeter connected to electrodes embedded in the film.

«Periods of very intense North Atlantic circulation and higher Northern Hemisphere temperatures increased the preservation of microfossils in the sediment cores, whereas those with slower circulation, when the study site was primarily influenced from the south, were linked with decreased carbonate ion concentrations at our core site which led to partial dissolution,» said co-author Dr Luke Skinner, also from Cambridge's Department of Earth Sciences.

Since reef - building corals need carbonate to build their skeletons, decreasing carbonate ion concentrations will likely lead to weaker, more brittle coral skeletons and slower coral growth rates.

Atmospheric CO2 is absorbed by the ocean and results in a decrease in carbonate ion concentration, making carbonate ions unavailable to corals and other marine calcifiers.

As CO2 reacts with seawater, it generates dramatic changes in carbonate chemistry, including decreases in pH and in the concentration of carbonate ions.

(from 370 to 470 ppm) would decrease carbonate ion concentration by 40 % more than would have been the case if carbon dioxide concentrations were raised from the pre-industrial 280 to 380 ppm.

(from 370 to 470 ppm) would decrease carbonate ion concentration by 40 % more than would have been the case if carbon dioxide concentrations were raised from the pre-industrial 280 to 380 ppm.

If the surface ocean pCO2 concentrations continue to increase in proportion with the atmospheric CO2 increase, a doubling of atmospheric CO2 from preindustrial levels will result in a 30 % decrease in carbonate ion concentration and a 60 % increase in hydrogen ion concentration.

If the surface ocean PCO2 concentrations continue to increase in proportion with the atmospheric CO2 increase, a doubling of atmospheric CO2 from preindustrial levels will result in a 30 % decrease in carbonate ion concentration and a 60 % increase in hydrogen ion concentration.

From preindustrial levels, contemporary surface ocean pH is estimated to have dropped on average from 8.2 to 8.1, or by about 0.1 pH units (a 26 % increase in hydrogen ion concentration), and further decreases of 0.22 to 0.35 pH units are projected over this century unless carbon dioxide emissions are significantly reduced (Orr et al., 2005; Bopp et al., 2013).

Many organisms require supersaturated conditions to form sufficient calcium carbonate shells or skeletons, and biological calcification rates tend to decrease in response to lower carbonate ion concentrations, even when the ambient seawater is still supersaturated.

From preindustrial levels, contemporary surface ocean pH is estimated to have dropped on average from 8.2 to 8.1, or by about 0.1 pH units (a 26 % increase in hydrogen ion concentration), and further decreases of 0.22 to 0.35 pH units are projected over this century unless carbon dioxide emissions are significantly reduced.

In this context a 30 % change is very small, as you have to increase the hydrogen ion (H +) concentration by a factor of 10 to get a decrease in pH of 1.

The decreases in calcification and PIC occur simultaneously with decreases in the observed carbonate ion concentration, suggesting a possible link between acidification and decreasing calcification in this vulnerable region.

Carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates to form bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions (H +), so that increasing concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere have been decreasing the pH (acidifying) of the surface ocean (NRC, 2010c).

The decrease in surface carbonate ion concentrations is found to be largest at low and mid-latitudes, although undersaturation is projected to occur at high southern latitudes first (Figure 10.24).

Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations lower oceanic pH and carbonate ion concentrations, thereby decreasing the saturation state with respect to calcium carbonate (Feely et al., 2004).

Under scenario IS92a, the multi-model projection shows large decreases in pH and carbonate ion concentrations throughout the world oceans (Orr et al., 2005; Figures 10.23 and 10.24).

These changes are resulting in a decrease in pH, carbonate ion concentrations, and dissolved oxygen in the ocean.

Surface ocean pH has decreased by 0.1 unit due to absorption of anthropogenic CO2 emissions (equivalent to a 30 % increase in hydrogen ion concentration) and is predicted to decrease by up to a further 0.3 - 0.4 units by 2100 (Caldeira and Wickett, 2003).