"Ionizing" refers to a process or radiation that has the ability to remove electrons from atoms or molecules, creating ions.
Full definition
This, along, with higher levels of
ionising radiation in space, seems to be responsible for the degradation, says Lakshmi Putcha, a NASA researcher who co-authored the study.
It will use an electric current to heat a small amount of gas up to 4000 °C, creating a plasma
of ionised gas between two electrodes and generating 1300 kilowatts of heat.
Clouds of electrons created by
ionised gas in the beam chamber and microscopic dust particles — playfully known as unidentified falling objects, or UFOs — are interrupting the beams and making it harder to get the LHC running consistently.
Every astronomy buff is familiar with the Horsehead nebula in the constellation Orion — a dark, dense molecular cloud in the shape of an equine head and neck, silhouetted against the fiery light of
ionised hydrogen gas.
It does so by
ionising particles in the air, making them attract to surfaces and helping cleanse the air.
Directly or indirectly caused by or contributed to by or arising
from ionising radiation or contamination by radioactive substance from any nuclear fuel or from any nuclear waste from the combustion of nuclear fuel.
However, the ASPERA - 3 results show that the amount of
ionised water interacting with the martian atmosphere was much smaller than expected, compared to the amount of neutral water molecules and the charged particles from the solar wind.
The associated charged particles
ionise atoms in the atmosphere, causing them to fluoresce.
Wade Allison suggests we are being over-cautious in our safety limits
for ionising radiation (31 July, p 24).
One of these has an overlay of detailed information on
ionising stars.
X-rays are classified
as ionising radiation, which in case of improper use may be dangerous for persons and for their surroundings.
Voorwerp looks green because its light is emitted mostly by
ionised oxygen.
With band 5, ALMA is able to detect the emission from
ionised carbon from objects seen soon after the Big Bang, opening up the possibility of probing the earliest epoch of galaxy formation.
But Hayabusa has been hobbling home without the full use of its four ion engines,
which ionise xenon gas and then use electric fields to accelerate the ions, providing a steady — though weak — thrust.
[2] Clusters of galaxies are a swarm of galaxies permeated by a sea of hot X-ray
emitting ionised hydrogen gas that is all embedded in a massive cloud of dark matter.
When this light encounters hydrogen atoms still lingering in the stellar nursery that produced the stars, the atoms
become ionised.
Observations released in 2003 from NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) suggested that the first stars
started ionising gas after only 200 million years.
This darkening is most likely optically thick plasma caused by strong absorption due to an increased density of hydrogen and
singly ionised helium [10].
Physicists working with plasma jets, made of a stream of
ionised matter, have just discovered a new phenomenon.
I am not surprised tardigrades are killed by high temperatures
with ionising radiation (6 January, p 19).
Taylor Bell and Nicolas Cowan have pointed out that hydrogen will tend to be
ionised on the day - side face.
For this reason, scientists can administer a specially - designed preparation containing this amino acid before medical treatment
where ionising radiation is involved.
The new V8 also has an ion - sensing system which measures
ionising currents to control ignition timing and adaptively predicts misfires, as well as a multi-spark function which enables the spark advance to be maximised at all revs.
The shock wave then inflates and heats up the interstellar medium, which emits in the X-ray, and strips the electrons from surrounding neutral hydrogen atoms to
make ionised hydrogen gas.
This research was presented in a paper entitled «Connecting the dots: a correlation
between ionising radiation and cloud mass - loss rate traced by optical integral field spectroscopy,» by A. F. McLeod et al., published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
«Preliminary results indicate the cloud contains
mostly ionised hydrogen and oxygen,» he says.
If this work is true, or partly true, 19 the total damage being done by low
level ionising radiation may have been under - estimated and would not be restricted to cancer.
At the same time, the absorbed ultraviolet
light ionises the hydrogen.
The dark regions correspond to highly
ionised regions (such as those around protogalaxies) and the bright regions are dense, neutral pockets of gas.
Fabian Schneider added: «Our results have far - reaching consequences for the understanding of our cosmos: there might be 70 % more supernovae, a 200 % increase in chemical yields and 270 %
more ionising radiation from massive star populations.
«Contrary to natural expectations that suggest that the more intense a laser is, the easier it frees the electron, we discovered that there is a limit to the intensity, at which we can no
longer ionise the atom,» observes Misha Ivanov.
This only ended when ultraviolet light from the first stars and giant black holes had once
again ionised the fog of neutral atoms filling the universe.
As each flash is intense enough to
completely ionise a neon atom and release an electron, the researchers could use those electrons like a flashgun, to illuminate some of the original 2.5 femtosecond trigger pulses of laser light.
«So sterile neutrino
decays ionised just enough gas to produce molecular hydrogen, and that accelerated the production of the first stars,» Kusenko told New Scientist.
They conclude that the fullerene cage acts as a captor for the electron, which is
ionised inside the cage, when subjected to a laser pulse of the same intensity as the difference between the lower energy levels.
This
cascade ionises the air, producing a conical shower of free electrons where a current might begin to flow.
The polarisation reveals just how much the waves have been modified by bouncing
off ionised gas.
Immense heat, pressure and magnetic
fields ionise and contain the gas, turning it into a plasma in which hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium nuclei, releasing energy.
The very low
density ionised hydrogen gas filling the universe became fully transparent.
Furthermore, diamond is transparent to visible and infrared light, can
withstand ionising radiation and resist chemical attack from most acids and oxidising agents.
These machines
drive ionised fossil fuel through a magnetic field and could one day be producing electrical energy more efficiently than conventional power stations.
The clusters are
easily ionised and behave very much like metals, says Castleman.