Sentences with word «ionization»

In addition, the level of ionization of the atmosphere has been proposed as an important mechanism that can modulate the low cloud cover formation (Tinsley, 2008; Kirkby, 2007; Svensmark et al., 2009).

Solar activity usually tends to increase the rate of ionization in the atmosphere and thus the density of free electrons in the ionosphere or to move electrons to the polar caps.

Large changes in atmospheric ionization induced by sporadic SEP events may potentially also affect radio wave propagation in the Venusian atmosphere.

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«we estimate that less than 23 %, at the 95 % confidence level, of the 11 - year cycle changes in the globally averaged cloud cover observed in solar cycle 22 is due to the change in the rate of ionization from the solar modulation of cosmic rays.»

During this process, novel ionization mechanisms occur that are not observed in atoms.

«Laser Ablation - Aerosol Mass Spectrometry - Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Ambient Surface Imaging.»

As the association and Underwriters Laboratories study alarm performance to determine whether the standards should be changed, the home inspectors» group is advocating replacement of ionization alarms with photoelectric ones.

In its guide to smoke and CO alarms, Consumer Reports issues a challenge to all smoke alarm manufacturers to create «a single device that senses both kinds of fire and CO.» The Nest Protect's Split - Spectrum Sensor purports to cut down nuisance alarms by including a type of ionization sensor, but it isn't a dual detector.

From this image, the scientists were able to track the dependence of the rate of tunneling ionization on the orientation of the molecule with respect to the laser polarization direction.

As a result, the states of Massachusetts, Vermont, and Iowa have banned them, and lawsuits have been filed against manufacturers of ionization smoke detectors, such as Kidde, Inc., BRK Brands, Inc., and USI Electric, Inc..

Polarity Effects from Vertically - Mounting Small Volume Ionization Chambers for Reference Dosimetry of Small - Fields

Options available for the new GLS also include an air ionization system for even better interior air quality.

To what extent do the measurements of the neutron flux represent the part of the CRF responsible for ionization at low cloud level?

«The ultraluminous nature of this quasar will allow us to make unprecedented measurements of the temperature, ionization state and metal content of the intergalactic medium at the epoch of reionization.»

For instance, the X-ray radiation method can not detect contaminants with sizes smaller than 1 mm with current practical X-ray levels, and it can not be applied for the inspection of foods that have lactic acid bacteria because X-ray radiation causes ionization of such foods.

Measurements of gas phase OSCs were made using high - resolution time - of - flight proton transfer mass spectrometry (PTR - ToF - MS 8000, Ionicon Analytik)(57, 58) and gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector (Hewlett Packard 6890) of air samples collected in electropolished stainless steel canisters (59).

I updated this in November 2016 to reflect the changes to the IB syllabus, but there are some bits missing, notably mass spectra, calculations for electron transitions and some more detail on ionization energies.

«We backed it up by doing calculations for ionization energy.

The outcomes of a number of different chemical reactions, such as ionization vs. dissociation of diatomic sodium, have employed this method.

This was surprising and casts a pall on claims that cosmic ray ionization controls aerosol production.

«This is the first galaxy in which we can see both the wind from the two supermassive black holes and the outflow of low ionization gas from star formation at the same time.»

So we selected electron density profiles with pronounced ionization at E-Layer height in the range of about 90 — 150 km for studying the geophysical conditions under which such enhancements were observed (Mayer & Jakowski 2009).

Even at low ionization levels about 5 % of the growth rate of aerosols is due to ions.

«Chemical Analysis of Complex Organic Mixtures Using Reactive Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.»

CO and ionization type with 10 year battery is required in CA.

Analyzing such systems, whether they are on the surface of a catalyst, a microbial community, or atmospheric aerosols, and understanding their impact requires tools that can accurately identify and quantify hundreds of molecules,» said Dr. Julia Laskin, a PNNL chemist, who has been advancing the frontiers of the Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, nicknamed nano - DESI, for the last 3 years.

The method used to measure the neutral clusters utilizes a combination of a mass spectrometer and a chemical ionization source, which was developed by the University of Frankfurt and the University of Helsinki.

The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter, shown here in Antarctica before a 2005 launch, detected cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere.

Pierre Auger's water tanks represent one way to do it; experiments borne by balloon, like the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter, are another.

The experiment monitors germanium detectors, cooled to a fraction of a degree above absolute zero, for subtle vibration and ionization effects that would be produced by WIMPs colliding with germanium nuclei.

Consequently, a lower tropospheric ionization rate results.

Ionization creates ozone and ozone is very unhealthy for people with lung conditions like my daughter.

«Ground - level GCR ionization substantially increases the nucleation rate of sulphuric acid and sulphuric acid — ammonia particles, by between twofold and tenfold or more, provided that the nucleation rate lies below the limiting ion - pair production rate.»

Also, Amber is an electronegative substance, which means that it generates negative ionization.