As our solar system slowly orbits around the galactic center, the sun's ultraviolet radiation carves out an egg - shaped region of
ionized hydrogen atoms surrounded by neutral hydrogen gas.
The holes in the cheese represent places around stars and galaxies where UV radiation has
ionized hydrogen atoms, bringing 21 - centimeter emissions to a halt.
Ionized hydrogen atoms could then easily combine with oxygen, forming our H2O ice.
An ionized hydrogen atom, consisting of a proton shorn of its associated electron, can not undergo the 21 - centimeter transition discussed above, since that transition depends on the relative spins of the electron - proton pair.
Charged particles striking Saturn's upper atmosphere
ionize hydrogen atoms and produce infrared radiation, whereas related processes also give off Saturnian auroras at ultraviolet and radio wavelengths.
Not exact matches
Due to the high temperatures and intense radiation present, these
atoms initially existed in an «
ionized» state: The negatively charged electrons had been stripped from positively charged protons, leaving behind positive
hydrogen ions (essentially, just protons).
If high - energy particles from deep space, called cosmic rays, happened to hit one of those
hydrogen atoms, it became
ionized, stripped of its electron.
Eventually, the majority of the
hydrogen atoms in the universe became
ionized.
During a stage of high temperature right after the Universe's birth about 14 billion years ago, the
hydrogen atom was
ionized, i.e., split into a nucleon and electron.
As the starshine intensified, it eventually stripped electrons from the
hydrogens,
ionizing the
atoms.
However, almost every
hydrogen atom in the IGM, out to the farthest galaxies telescopes can see (13 billion light - years away), has been
ionized — has lost its electron.
The
ionized hydrogen, with
atoms violently stripped of their electrons, seems to fill the interior of the superbubble while the neutral
hydrogen forms its walls and cap.
As a result, once water molecules are dissociated into
ionized hydrogen and oxygen
atoms by the Sun's ultraviolet light in Venus» upper atomsphere, they are more easily blown into space by the Solar wind (S.I. Rasool, 1968).
«We saw number of spectral features emitted by
ionized atoms in the galaxies such as
hydrogen, oxygen, and neon, which allowed us to determine the metal content of the galaxies.»
Diffuse emission nebulae are often called H II regions because they are mainly consisted of
ionized hydrogen, H II - the roman number after the element symbol (here H) designating the ionization level: «I» would stand for neutral
atoms, the «II» here means first ionization, i.e. the
hydrogen atoms have lost their single electron, and for other elements higher numbers (ionization levels, or numbers of lost electrons) would be possible (e.g., He III, O III or Fe V).