Sentences with phrase «ions flow»

The scientists noted that lithium iron phosphate forms a lattice that creates small tunnels through which the lithium ions flow, but that although the cathode seemed ideal it still took some time for those ions to travel.

If enough ions flow in, that causes an electrical buildup in the cell, and soon this neuron fires.

The lithium ions flow to the cathode, or current - collecting side.

A key stage in the molecular cascade of memory formation appears to be the opening of membrane channels through which calcium ions flow.

In this hot ice, the oxygen ions of the water molecules behave like a solid, staying in place to form a lattice, while the hydrogen ions flow through it like a fluid.

The SCN5A protein winds through the membrane of heart muscle cells, forming a channel that opens to let sodium ions flow into the cells.

When appropriately stimulated, the channels open, sodium ions flow in, and the muscle cells contract.

As soon as these cells are exposed to light, the channels open and positively charged ions flow into the muscle cell, which then contracts.

Within the material, hydrogen ions flow freely through a solid crystal of oxygen ions.

When a lithium - ion battery supplies electricity, lithium ions flow into empty sites in the atomic lattice.

Inside lithium - ion batteries, ions flow between positive and negative electrodes, where the ions are embedded and then released to travel back through a substance called an electrolyte to the other end.

They discovered a unique «double - barreled» architecture that contains two pathways through which fluoride ions flow, representing a new mechanism of ion transport.

While electrons, with their negative charge, flow from one pole of the battery to the other (thus providing power for devices), positive ions flow the other way, through an electrolyte, or ion conductor, sandwiched between those poles, to complete the flow.

Two decades ago, Smith and his Keele colleagues developed an instrument known as a selected ion flow tube (SIFT) to analyze the trace gases known to be present in interstellar gas clouds.

In neurons, ions flowing through the cell wall initiate action, setting off a string of communications that tell organisms like us how to feel and behave.

The drug works by stopping toxic ion flow in the brain that is known to trigger nerve cell death.

Drugs that specifically target the persistent sodium ion flow, or current, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treating epilepsy.

By applying the method developed in this research, measurement of the negative ion flow at places still closer to the plasma electrode is possible for clarifying more detailed mechanism of the negative ions extracted as a beam.

But these droplet engines have a problem: sometimes they form needle - like spikes that disrupt the way the thruster works — they get in the way of the ions flowing outward and turn the liquid to a gel.

It helps even more if the cathode material is porous: more holes means more space and greater ion flow.

The following year, based on experiments in the giant squid axon, British biophysicists Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley described how ion flow across the cell membrane generates the electrical spikes — called action potentials — that constitute these signals.

The V12 engine is controlled by an innovative alternating current ignition system and also boasts advanced ion flow sensing used in this engine for the first time worldwide.

Not exact matches

The leading contenders are magnesium ion, lithium sulphur and redox flow batteries, but there's a huge gap between something that works in a lab and something that can be cheaply mass - produced.

It worked like the nozzle on a garden hose, except his version was invisible, regulating the flow of ions with magnetic fields.

Since the Martian magnetotail is formed by linking surface magnetic fields to solar wind fields, ions in the Martian upper atmosphere have a pathway to space if they flow down the magnetotail.

It was commissioned by Roderick MacKinnon, who shared the Nobel prize in 2003 for his work describing the structural and mechanistic properties of such channels, which are tunnels that regulate the flow of ions across cellular membranes.

DESI works with everyday surfaces, liberating ions that flow into the spectrometer through a sampling tube.

Bound to the cell membrane, Na ± K+ATP ase uses the energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules to pump sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell, maintaining a charge gradient that allows ions to flow through open channels.

«It is not yet known whether there's actually an increase or decrease in the flow of calcium ions through the channel,» Olesen says.

When you stimulate a neuron, ions like sodium and potassium and chloride flow back and forth, causing what's called an action potential to travel down the neuron, through the axon, to a synapse.

Almost immediately after publishing the earlier research on the flow battery, Chiang says, «We realized that a better way to make use of this flowable electrode technology was to reinvent the [lithium ion] manufacturing process.»

Most typical ion channels have only one pore through which ions ¬ ¬ flow in the entire channel assembly, but the Fluc channel was found to have two.

In a more practical test in which lead - contaminated water flowed through the foam, it scrubbed the water of up to 67 percent of the lead ions.

Ion channels are biomolecules that allow charged atoms to flow in and out of cells, and they are an important work - horse in cell signaling, sensing, and energetics.

They use charge in the form of ions to carry energy and information — ion channels control the flow of ions across cell membranes.

According to Jiao's measurements, the rods can produce a healthy flow of hydrogen ions and oxygen for many hours and potentially much longer, for weeks or even months.

The TEER measurement is used to quantify the flow of ions between electrodes and across the tissue - tissue interface made of an organ - specific epithelium and endothelium that is a core component of many of the Institute's human Organ Chips.

The best candidates include buckytubes in lithium ion batteries, flow cells, and hydrogen fuel cells.

This prototype combines the traditional energy storage capabilities of a lithium - ion battery with the added benefit of being able to scale it up like a flow battery.

The new battery, described online February 28 in Joule, contains a special kind of electrolyte that allows ions to flow easily between electrodes even in the bitter cold.

Motor rotation is powered by proton flow into the cell via ion channels.

During use, lithium ions stored in the graphite flow to the lithium - based electrode, where they form chemical bonds with oxygen atoms, a reaction that generates an electric current.

Next they flooded the interior of the dendrites with chloride to block the inhibitory inward flow of chloride ions; that change abolished directional selectivity.

One of the challenges to scaling up the process, he notes, will be developing new materials for fuel cell membranes that won't quickly become clogged with the chemical byproducts of bacterial activity, which would cut down on the flow of ions that help maintain the voltage difference across the membranes.

Today's most popular rechargeables, lithium ion batteries, are made from negative and positive electrodes separated by an electrolyte through which positively charged lithium ions can flow back and forth.

Previous research at The University of Manchester found that if immersed in water, graphene - oxide membranes become slightly swollen and smaller salts flow through the membrane along with water, but larger ions or molecules are blocked.

The migration of those ions is accompanied by an electric current flowing through wires that are connected to the upper and lower molten metal layers, the battery's electrodes.

TMEM16A is part of a protein family whose members facilitate the flow of negatively charged chloride ions or lipids across the cell membrane.

Hydrogen atoms are formed in such devices only when electrons flow into a fluid where they can combine with hydrogen ions; those atoms in turn combine with each other to create hydrogen gas.

In this scenario, when an object moved in the neuron's preferred direction, excitatory impulses would reach the target neuron first, triggering positively charged sodium ions to flow into the cell — an excitatory current.