Sentences with phrase «iron fertilization in»

We deal with iron fertilization in the context of the Danish Center for Earth System Science (DCESS) model (41) for which reduction of high - latitude new production (relative to that which would occur if phytoplankton there could make full use of all available nutrients) is expressed in terms of an efficiency factor (see equation 19 in ref.

Oceanographers have long recognized that iron fertilization in the Southern Ocean will drive phytoplankton blooms.

Not exact matches

HSRC's George has a long history of attempting to commercialize such iron fertilization, most notoriously via the company known as Planktos, which went bankrupt in 2008.

Victor Smetacek, the German oceanographer who led the expedition along with Victor Wajih Naqvi, an Indian geochemist, says that result means that iron fertilization has a much lower sequestration potential for atmospheric CO2 and, thus, will play a smaller role in fighting climate change than previously expected.

During her half - hour of interaction with the class, McNutt said, students asked questions ranging from the feasibility of the OTEC, or Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion — a strategy for harvesting energy from the oceans — to whether deforestation in Africa «might actually have a silver lining if it leads to ocean iron fertilization.»

«There is massive uncertainty in this figure, and until much more research is done no serious scientist should express any confidence in such estimates,» of iron fertilization's geoengineering potential, cautions oceanographer Richard Lampitt of the National Oceanography Center in England, who also argues that more research into such potential geoengineering techniques is needed due to the failure of global efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions.

Nature's iron fertilization experiment had failed in the equatorial Pacific.

Scientists previously thought that iron fertilization could work in all iron - deficient ocean stretches: the subarctic North Pacific Ocean, the equatorial Pacific and the Antarctic Ocean.

Researchers worldwide have conducted 13 major iron - fertilization experiments in the open ocean since 1990.

In that project, US entrepreneur Russ George convinced a Haida Nation village to pursue iron fertilization to boost salmon populations, with the potential to sell carbon credits based on the amount of CO2 that would be sequestered in the oceaIn that project, US entrepreneur Russ George convinced a Haida Nation village to pursue iron fertilization to boost salmon populations, with the potential to sell carbon credits based on the amount of CO2 that would be sequestered in the oceain the ocean.

Ocean iron fertilization: Moving forward in a sea of uncertainty.

So, Smetacek argues, «Iron fertilization experiments carried out in the open ocean are the best way to find out how the ocean functions.»

Possible mechanisms include (iv) fertilization of phytoplankton growth in the Southern Ocean by increased deposition of iron - containing dust from the atmosphere after being carried by winds from colder, drier continental areas, and a subsequent redistribution of limiting nutrients; (v) an increase in the whole ocean nutrient content (e.g., through input of material exposed on shelves or nitrogen fixation); and (vi) an increase in the ratio between carbon and other nutrients assimilated in organic material, resulting in a higher carbon export per unit of limiting nutrient exported.

Paul Beckwith has done both a blog and a You tube video on the possibilities of iron fertilization to reduce carbon in the atmosphere.

Understanding iron cycling in Antarctic phytoplankton is crucial for determining whether iron fertilization can be an effective strategy for reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Note 1: the NAS study includes ocean iron fertilization, which I haven't included in the above graphic because «previous studies nearly all agree that deploying ocean iron fertilization at climatically relevant levels poses risks that outweigh potential benefits.»

«But these species are incredibly responsive to iron, often becoming dominant in algal blooms that result from iron fertilization.

Examples of papers confirming that fertilization of the oceans by iron could have played a role in ice ages: Moore et al. (2000); Kohfeld et al. (2005); Abelmann et al. (2006); Martínez - Garcia et al. (2011).

However, an «inconvenient truth» for proponents of ocean iron fertilization is that stimulation of phytoplankton blooms is only the first step in any successful ocean fertilization effort.

As researchers concluded in a new study published in Geophysical Research Letters, ocean iron fertilization can only prove successful as a climate geoengineering approach if, in addition to phytoplankton bloom stimulation, «a proportion of the particulate organic carbon (POC) produced must sink down the water column and reach the main thermocline or deeper before being remineralized... and the third phase is long - term sequestration of the carbon at depth out of contact with the atmosphere.»

There have been iron fertilization experiments of the ocean before, many of them, in the equatorial Pacific, the Southern Ocean, and the North Pacific.

This result sheds new light on the effect of long - term fertilization by iron and macronutrients on carbon sequestration, suggesting that changes in iron supply from belowâ as invoked in some palaeoclimatic and future climate change scenarios11â may have a more significant effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations than previously thought.

Blain, S. Effect of natural iron fertilization on carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean.

Modelers have long ago concluded that iron fertilization of the ocean can play only a small role in managing the carbon cycle in the coming century.

But the change in carbon chemistry of the ocean and ultimately the atmosphere need to be transparently documented, also, if we are to trade carbon offsets based on iron fertilization.

Paul Beckwith has done both a blog and a You tube video on the possibilities of iron fertilization to reduce carbon in the atmosphere.

It seems to me that iron fertilization will likely have its greatest impact in oligotrophic regions (e.g., subtropical gyres) which currently provide less than 10 % of world NPP.

Previous iron fertilization experiments were generally single - pulse additions of iron dissolved in acid.

EFFECT OF NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION ON CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN Nature, Vol 446 26 April 2007 doi: 10.1038 / nature05700 The efficiency of fertilization, defined as the ratio of the carbon export to the amount of iron supplied, was at least ten times higher than previous estimates from short - term blooms induced by iron - addition experimeIRON FERTILIZATION ON CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN Nature, Vol 446 26 April 2007 doi: 10.1038 / nature05700 The efficiency of fertilization, defined as the ratio of the carbon export to the amount of iron supplied, was at least ten times higher than previous estimates from short - term blooms induced by iron - addition experimeiron supplied, was at least ten times higher than previous estimates from short - term blooms induced by iron - addition experimeiron - addition experiments.

Sequestering carbon in these parts of the global ocean via iron fertilization «would require significant ecosystem change,» Trull's paper said.

The federal Department of Energy, recently provided with $ 90 million in carbon sequestration research, continues to seek proposals to study iron fertilization as a carbon dioxide amelioration strategy.

GreenSea president Lee Rice says that the company continues to believe «in the long term that iron fertilization is going to be an extremely valuable technology for controlling atmospheric carbon.»

Nevertheless, in view of the serious risks we are presently taking with our global climate, I feel that considering iron fertilization as a possible means for purposeful co2 sequestration can not be entirely dismissed at this point.»

In that project, US entrepreneur Russ George convinced a Haida Nation village to pursue iron fertilization to boost salmon populations, with the potential to sell carbon credits based on the amount of CO2 that would be sequestered in the oceaIn that project, US entrepreneur Russ George convinced a Haida Nation village to pursue iron fertilization to boost salmon populations, with the potential to sell carbon credits based on the amount of CO2 that would be sequestered in the oceain the ocean.

Researchers worldwide have conducted 13 major iron - fertilization experiments in the open ocean since 1990.

The 2012 iron fertilization generated an algae bloom that fed salmon at the right time to boost the salmon population * the salmon bloom died in days and then fell to the bottom of the ocean taking large amounts of CO2 with them

After that come a bunch of ocean fertilization schemes, using phosphorous, nitrogen and iron, all of which offer something in the region of 0.1 - 0.2 W / m ².

Following the SOFeX iron - fertilization experiment in the Southern Ocean, deep - diving Carbon Explorer floats continuously collected data for over a year, straight through the Antarctic winter.

We carried out a number of DCESS model simulations over the last three glacial cycles using the dust radiative and / or iron fertilization forcings shown in Fig. 4 and Fig.

Most model drawdown is associated with higher new production in the high - latitude zone, due to iron fertilization, combined with carbonate compensation (ref.

We use the above dust deposition − temperature relationships to derive climate dependencies of dust radiative and iron fertilization forcing under the assumption that both forcings vary in proportion to the dust deposition, and can therefore be expressed in the same form as Eq.

Since dust radiative and iron fertilization forcing are mainly concentrated in the NH and the SH, respectively, we use respective NH and SH temperature time series for this.

Shown are (A) dust radiative forcing (RF) anomaly relative to preindustrial and (B) iron fertilization parameter (IF) for ocean new production in the DCESS model (41) high - latitude zone.

However, some of the cooling stems from decreased atmospheric greenhouse gas forcing from iron fertilization - induced pCO2 drawdown (red line in Fig.

This is how the model deals with iron fertilization strength in the Southern Ocean (SO; see Dust Radiative and Iron Fertilization Forciniron fertilization strength in the Southern Ocean (SO; see Dust Radiative and Iron Fertilizatifertilization strength in the Southern Ocean (SO; see Dust Radiative and Iron Fertilization ForcinIron FertilizationFertilization Forcings).

Still, that doesn't mean it's due to iron fertilization, or even to the volcanic eruption, because many things can influence the April - to - July difference in atmospheric CO2.

Far riskier is intentional acceleration of carbon dioxide removal by enhancing the biological uptake in the ocean through iron fertilization.

Therefore it's my opinion that the not - so - extreme decline from April to July 2010, coupled with the higher - than - usual April value, coupled with the changes (both trend and fluctuation) in both the size of and the timing of the annual cycle, are such that there's insufficient evidence to conclude that the Eyjafjallajökull eruption caused a noticeable change in atmospheric CO2, whether by emissions from the eruption, the lack of emissions from air traffic, or iron fertilization of the oceans.

While many of the participants raised concerns about the efficacy and safety of large - scale iron fertilization, others seemed to acknowledge that the urgency of the climate crisis warranted the continuation of carefully designed experiments — pointing out that, if done appropriately, they could provide a win - win for both scientists and businesses interested in selling carbon offsets.

Most likely in response to the recent study published in Nature about oceanic iron fertilization, The Onion has an issue of American Voices about it.