Analyzing tens of thousands of data points, Schatz and Kucharik found the urban heat
island effect peaked in summer, when downtown Madison averaged 7 degrees Fahrenheit warmer at night and 3 degrees warmer during the day when compared to rural Dane County.
Unlike much of the tropics, the Gilbert
Islands experience high inter-annual variability in
peak temperatures due to the
effect of the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO), but low average seasonality in temperatures due to their near - equatorial position [16].