Sentences with phrase «island haplotypes»
Bayesian phylogenetic analysis in BEAST [36] of all unique mainland and island haplotypes (Fig. 3) used the earliest island fox radiocarbon date as a prior estimate for the coalescence of all island fox lineages.
http://journals.plos.org/
Santa Catalina and Santa Cruz are the only islands that share a haplotype, which is more closely related to the northern island haplotypes than the southern.
Not exact matches
All 10 of the novel haplotypes were found on the outer Scottish islands.
The only locality with both haplotypes was in the Solomon Islands.
The mitogenome sequences revealed a total of 35 haplotypes with 14 found exclusively on the islands and 21 found only in mainland California.
All of the islands had a least one private haplotype, but 19 of 41 Santa Catalina foxes (southern island) shared a haplotype with Santa Cruz foxes (northern island).
The northern islands had nine closely related haplotypes while the southern islands had five haplotypes that were more distant from each other (Fig. 2).
Haplotype and nucleotide diversity in the island populations was markedly lower than in the mainland populations, with only one to five haplotypes per island.
No other islands shared a haplotype, although San Clemente and San Nicolas each had two haplotypes that were separated by a single base pair.
A positive correlation was identified between island area and the number of haplotypes recovered and haplotype diversity (Pearson's r = 0.80 p - value = 0.03 and r = 0.77 p - value = 0.04, respectively).
Remarkably, island fox haplotypes formed a monophyletic clade nested within clade B, rather than with foxes from southern California, closest to the Channel Islands.
Among the gray foxes sampled, the haplotypes that were more closely related to the island fox were from Lassen / Shasta counties in northern California.
The aligned mitogenomes were visually examined and when a single island individual or an ambiguous base generated a unique haplotype, Sanger sequencing was conducted to verify the basecalls (S1 Text and S4 Table), which did not change except for two samples with conflicting haplotypes that was discarded from all analyses.
We identified two pairs of closely related haplotypes on each of the two most remote islands in the archipelago (San Nicolas and San Clemente), which indicates in situ evolution of island fox genetic variation.
This pattern is strikingly different from the southern islands, where San Clemente and San Nicolas each have two haplotypes just a single base pair away from each other.
Island foxes show greater mitogenome diversity in the northern islands with nine haplotypes that differ from 2 — 5 base pairs from the central node of the star - shaped radiation (Fig. 2).
Previous analyses using mtDNA RFLP's identified more mtDNA haplotypes than detected by our whole mitogenome (WMG) sequencing analysis on San Miguel (2 RFLP: 1 WMG genotypes) and Santa Catalina (3 RFLP: 2 WMG genotypes), suggesting a possible loss of mtDNA diversity on these islands as a result of population bottlenecks over the past 25 years [15].