The Emory Transplant Center has conducted clinical trials since 2003 transplanting human pancreatic
islet cells into patients with Type I diabetes.
Combining a new hydrogel material with a protein that boosts blood vessel growth could improve the success rate for transplanting insulin - producing
islet cells into persons with type 1 diabetes.
Not exact matches
Using
cells from cadavers, doctors have been experimentally transplanting pancreatic
islets into humans for decades, but as many as 60 percent of the transplanted
islets die immediately because they are cut off from their blood supply and are killed by an immune response due to direct injection
into the bloodstream, and those that survive the transplant usually die within several months.
But when
islet cells begin turning
into tumors, the FAK protein gets overproduced, researchers found.
Melton began to study how stem
cells turn
into either healthy or unhealthy
islet cells.
Melton's ultimate goal is to discover how embryonic stem
cells grow
into special
cells called
islets in the pancreas.
Whatever the source of pluripotent
cells, Thomson says, researchers face the same scientific challenges — namely, understanding how to convert them
into key tissues such as the beta
islet cells that are impaired in diabetics, and then how to introduce them safely and effectively
into humans.
The pancreatic
cells are supposed to mature
into beta -
islet cells, which produce the hormone insulin.
Faustman got her idea by chance while transplanting
islets, the pancreatic bodies that contain beta
cells, from normal mice
into others that had lost theirs to type 1, or juvenile, diabetes.
When they briefly exposed nestin - positive
cells to a growth factor, the
cells differentiated not only
into neural
cells but also
into clusters that resemble the insulin - producing
islets in the pancreas.
But the extracted tissue began producing insulin, glucagon and other hormones after the newly identified
cells were added, indicating that they were indeed progenitors capable of differentiating
into all the
islet cell types, including beta
cells.
After implantation, the
cells are expected to mature
into the full complement of
islet cells, including insulin - producing beta
cells, offering a potential functional cure for patients with high - risk type 1 diabetes.
«ViaCyte was the first to differentiate human stem
cells into glucose - responsive, insulin - producing
cells, and now we are running the first and only clinical trials of stem
cell - derived
islet replacement therapies for type 1 diabetes,» said Paul Laikind, PhD, President and CEO of ViaCyte.
Maturation of human embryonic stem
cell - derived pancreatic progenitors
into functional
islets capable of treating pre-existing diabetes in mice.
Once implanted, the
cells are designed to differentiate
into the various
cell types that make up the pancreatic
islet, which could allow for production of insulin and other hormones, such as glucagon, needed to control blood sugar levels.
The company is the first to advance an encapsulated
islet cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes
into clinical trials.
Novocell also demonstrated earlier this year, that hES - derived pancreatic progenitorsdevelop
into human
islet cells capable of producing insulin in response to glucose and ameliorating diabetes in animal models.
In addition to iPS
cells derived from progeria - patients, the researchers successfully applied their method to adult mesenchymal stem
cells, which can differentiate
into a variety of
cell types, including adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, cardiomyocytes, and, as described lately, beta - pancreatic
islets cells.
Following implantation, the
cells should develop
into human
islet tissue, capable of regulating blood glucose.
ViaCyte is developing a drug delivery system that enables implanted pancreatic progenitor
cells to survive and differentiate
into functioning insulin - producing
islet cells.
These sentinel units will be removed at specific time points and examined histologically to provide early insight
into the progression of engraftment and maturation
into pancreatic
islet cells including insulin - producing beta
cells.
In animals, the stem
cells mature
into islet cells, successfully controlling blood sugar.
When implanted, PEC - 01
cells are expected to differentiate
into pancreatic
islet cells that produce insulin and other hormones that regulate blood sugar, while the Encaptra device is designed to protect the
cells from immune destruction.
To create a lasting source of insulin - producing beta
cells for transplant, we are developing new methods to promote differentiation from pancreatic stem
cells into healthy
islets.
The paper provides a critical resource for ongoing research
into islet biology and diabetes pathogenesis, with further insight certain as more
islet cells from more individuals are analyzed.
Based on animal experimentation, PEC - 01 progenitor
cells have the capacity to both self - renew; making more
cells, and differentiate
into mature, functional pancreatic
islet cells.
Now insulin and leptin are not staying high for a few hours a day, but staying high throughout the entire day... and night, whether one eats or not... Causing more and more insulin and leptin resistance in a vicious cycle until, at least for insulin, the
islet cells start burning out... lowering insulin but further raising glucose... and now we are
into full - blown diabetes.