His public talk aims to promote understanding and discussion of how and why disproportionate media visibility has been provided for outlier views — particularly views often dubbed climate «contrarians,» «skeptics» and «denialists» — on various
issues in climate science and governance.
If Hansen is right — and he has been right, sooner, about the big
issues in climate science longer than anyone — the implications are vast and profound.
The Wegman Report claimed two missions: # 1 evaluate statistical issues of the «hockey stick» temperature graph, and # 2 assess potential peer review
issues in climate science.
I'm all for devoting funds to attempting to resolve (or at least define) the open
issues in climate science — shutting it down would be counter-productive.
This has become one the biggest mysteries and most controversial
issues in climate science today, throwing doubt over the assumed climate sensitivity to CO2.
And: «Meanwhile, climate deniers, taking pages from the creationists» PR playbook, have manufactured doubt about fundamental
issues in climate science that were decided scientifically decades ago.»
Until this is done, little progress is possible in many of the major
issues in climate science, and no further expenditures should be made responding to climate alarmism until the new methodology has been thoroughly tested and the basic surface temperature data has been reconstituted in a useful form.
If a goal of realclimate is to inform laypeople of
issues in climate science, then arrogance in this forum will only appeal to its most unquestioning adherents while driving away those who prefer to keep an open mind about a complex and dynamic field.
I brought up
some issues in climate science, like the possible disintegration of the Greenland ice sheet, and how it wasn't included in a calculation of sea rise in the IPCC assessment, since it wasn't quantifiable in terms of timing, since it is a non-linear type thing.
So it would be pretty easy to assign less impact to natural variability, which seems to be the current
issue in climate science.
I am a total layman at this but I would like to ask the question of jsut hat is the most critical outstanding
issue in climate science?
«uncertainty» (in the IPCC attribution of natural versus human - induced climate changes, IPCC's model - based climate sensitivity estimates and the resulting IPCC projections of future climate) is arguably the defining
issue in climate science today.
And neither has much regard for the other's estimate - casting light on a long - standing, thorny
issue in climate science.
«Government Intervention in the Energy Markets Is the Main Danger, Not CO2 The Fundamental
Issue in Climate Science Resolved»
Not exact matches
Ashley Anderson, a postdoctoral fellow
in the Center for
Climate Change Communication at George Mason University, stated that «When people encounter an unfamiliar
issue like nanotechnology, they often rely on an existing value such as religiosity or deference to
science to form a judgment.»
The global demonstration, planned
in the wake of the Women's March on Washington, is aimed at countering the «mischaracterization of
science as a partisan
issue» — see
climate change, vaccines, and GMOs — and the dubious policy that has arisen as a result.
On the
issue of Republicans and Democrats
in New York State hiding behind the old «waiting for the
science to come
in» line that politicians have used to not answer questions on everything from
climate change to Pebble Mine, Hawkins did give the Democrats a bit of a pass... «The Republicans want to repeal the enlightenment — the Democrats just want to repeal the New Deal.»
It flies
in the face of
science, fairness, common sense and the Governor's own greenhouse gas reduction targets to build new fracked gas power plants at a time when
climate change is the most pressing
issue facing our nation and the world.
«We will not ignore the
science and reality of
climate change,» Cuomo said
in a statement
issued soon after Trump's Rose Garden appearance.
Scientific American executive editor Fred Guterl talks with Pres. Obama's
science advisor, John Holdren, about
climate science, space travel, the
issue of reproducibility
in science, the brain initiative and more.
Letter from AAAS CEO Rush Holt to Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein Regarding Fingerprint Reporting Guidelines [March 28, 2018] AAAS Statement on FY 2018 Omnibus Bill Funds for Scientific Research [March 23, 2018] AAAS Statement on FY 2018 Omnibus Funding Bill [March 22, 2018] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement on Death of Rep. Louise Slaughter [March 16, 2018] AAAS CEO Urges U.S. President and Congress to Lift Funding Restrictions on Gun Violence Research [March 13, 2018] AAAS Statements on Elections and Paper Ballots [March 9, 2018] AAAS Statement on President's 2019 Budget Plan [February 12, 2018] AAAS Statement on FY 2018 Budget Deal and Continuing Resolution [February 9, 2018] AAAS Statement on President Trump's State of the Union Address [January 30, 2018] AAAS Statement on Continuing Resolution Urges FY 2018 Final Omnibus Bill [January 22, 2018] AAAS Statement on U.S. Government Shutdown [January 20, 2018] Community Statement to OMB on
Science and Government [December 19, 2017] AAAS CEO Response to Media Report on Use of «
Science - Based» at CDC [December 15, 2017] Letter from AAAS and the American Physical Society to Iranian President Hassan Rouhani Regarding Scientist Ahmadreza Djalali [December 15, 2017] Multisociety Letter Conference Graduate Student Tax Provisions [December 7, 2017] Multisociety Letter Presses Senate to Preserve Higher Education Tax Benefits [November 29, 2017] AAAS Multisociety Letter on Tax Reform [November 15, 2017] AAAS Letter to U.S. House of Representatives Ways and Means Committee on Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (H.R. 1)[November 7, 2017] AAAS Statement on Release of National
Climate Assessment Report [November 3, 2017] AAAS Statement on EPA Science Adviser Boards [October 31, 2017] AAAS Statement on EPA Restricting Scientist Communication of Research Results [October 25, 2017] Statement of the Board of Directors of the American Association for the Advancement of Science on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility [October 18, 2017] Scientific Societies» Letter on President Trump's Visa and Immigration Proclamation [October 17, 2017] AAAS Statement on U.S. Withdrawal from UNESCO [October 12, 2017] AAAS Statement on White House Proclamation on Immigration and Visas [September 25, 2017] AAAS Statement from CEO Rush Holt on ARPA - E Reauthorization Act [September 8, 2017] AAAS Speaks Out Against Trump Administration Halt of Young Immigrant Program [September 6, 2017] AAAS Statement on Trump Administration Disbanding National Climate Assessment Advisory Committee [August 22, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Issues Statement On Death of Former Rep. Vern Ehlers [August 17, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt and 15 Other Science Society Leaders Request Climate Science Meeting with EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt [July 31, 2017] AAAS Encourages Congressional Appropriators to Invest in Research and Innovation [July 25, 2017] AAAS CEO Urges Secretary of State to Fill Post of Science and Technology Adviser [July 13, 2017] AAAS and ESA Urge Trump Administration to Protect Monuments [July 7, 2017] AAAS Statement on House Appropriations Bill for the Department of Energy [June 28, 2017] Scientific Organizations Statement on Science and Government [June 27, 2017] AAAS Statement on White House Executive Order on Cuba Relations [June 16, 2017] AAAS Statement on Paris Agreement on Climate Change [June 1, 2017] AAAS Statement from CEO Rush Holt on Fiscal Year 2018 Budget Proposal [May 23, 2017] AAAS thanks the Congress for prioritizing research and development funding in the FY 2017 omnibus appropriations [May 9, 2017] AAAS Statement on Dismissal of Scientists on EPA Scientific Advisory Board [May 8, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement on FY 2017 Appropriations [May 1, 2017] AAAS CEO Statement on Executive Order on Climate Change [March 28, 2017] AAAS leads an intersociety letter on the HONEST Act [March 28, 2017] President's Budget Plan Would Cripple Science and Technology, AAAS Says [March 16, 2017] AAAS Responds to New Immigration Executive Order [March 6, 2017] AAAS CEO Responds to Trump Immigration and Visa Order [January 28, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement on Federal Scientists and Public Communication [January 24, 2017] AAAS thanks leaders of the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act [December 21, 2016] AAAS CEO Rush Holt raises concern over President - Elect Donald Trump's EPA Director Selection [December 15, 2016] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement Following the House Passage of 21st Century Cures Act [December 2, 2016] Letter from U.S. scientific, engineering, and higher education community leaders to President - elect Trump's transition team [November 23, 2016] Letter from AAAS CEO Rush Holt to Senate Leaders and Letter to House Leaders to pass a FY 2017 Omnibus Spending Bill [November 15, 2016] AAAS reaffirms the reality of human - caused climate change [June 28
Climate Assessment Report [November 3, 2017] AAAS Statement on EPA
Science Adviser Boards [October 31, 2017] AAAS Statement on EPA Restricting Scientist Communication of Research Results [October 25, 2017] Statement of the Board of Directors of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility [October 18, 2017] Scientific Societies» Letter on President Trump's Visa and Immigration Proclamation [October 17, 2017] AAAS Statement on U.S. Withdrawal from UNESCO [October 12, 2017] AAAS Statement on White House Proclamation on Immigration and Visas [September 25, 2017] AAAS Statement from CEO Rush Holt on ARPA - E Reauthorization Act [September 8, 2017] AAAS Speaks Out Against Trump Administration Halt of Young Immigrant Program [September 6, 2017] AAAS Statement on Trump Administration Disbanding National
Climate Assessment Advisory Committee [August 22, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Issues Statement On Death of Former Rep. Vern Ehlers [August 17, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt and 15 Other Science Society Leaders Request Climate Science Meeting with EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt [July 31, 2017] AAAS Encourages Congressional Appropriators to Invest in Research and Innovation [July 25, 2017] AAAS CEO Urges Secretary of State to Fill Post of Science and Technology Adviser [July 13, 2017] AAAS and ESA Urge Trump Administration to Protect Monuments [July 7, 2017] AAAS Statement on House Appropriations Bill for the Department of Energy [June 28, 2017] Scientific Organizations Statement on Science and Government [June 27, 2017] AAAS Statement on White House Executive Order on Cuba Relations [June 16, 2017] AAAS Statement on Paris Agreement on Climate Change [June 1, 2017] AAAS Statement from CEO Rush Holt on Fiscal Year 2018 Budget Proposal [May 23, 2017] AAAS thanks the Congress for prioritizing research and development funding in the FY 2017 omnibus appropriations [May 9, 2017] AAAS Statement on Dismissal of Scientists on EPA Scientific Advisory Board [May 8, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement on FY 2017 Appropriations [May 1, 2017] AAAS CEO Statement on Executive Order on Climate Change [March 28, 2017] AAAS leads an intersociety letter on the HONEST Act [March 28, 2017] President's Budget Plan Would Cripple Science and Technology, AAAS Says [March 16, 2017] AAAS Responds to New Immigration Executive Order [March 6, 2017] AAAS CEO Responds to Trump Immigration and Visa Order [January 28, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement on Federal Scientists and Public Communication [January 24, 2017] AAAS thanks leaders of the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act [December 21, 2016] AAAS CEO Rush Holt raises concern over President - Elect Donald Trump's EPA Director Selection [December 15, 2016] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement Following the House Passage of 21st Century Cures Act [December 2, 2016] Letter from U.S. scientific, engineering, and higher education community leaders to President - elect Trump's transition team [November 23, 2016] Letter from AAAS CEO Rush Holt to Senate Leaders and Letter to House Leaders to pass a FY 2017 Omnibus Spending Bill [November 15, 2016] AAAS reaffirms the reality of human - caused climate change [June 28
Climate Assessment Advisory Committee [August 22, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt
Issues Statement On Death of Former Rep. Vern Ehlers [August 17, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt and 15 Other
Science Society Leaders Request
Climate Science Meeting with EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt [July 31, 2017] AAAS Encourages Congressional Appropriators to Invest in Research and Innovation [July 25, 2017] AAAS CEO Urges Secretary of State to Fill Post of Science and Technology Adviser [July 13, 2017] AAAS and ESA Urge Trump Administration to Protect Monuments [July 7, 2017] AAAS Statement on House Appropriations Bill for the Department of Energy [June 28, 2017] Scientific Organizations Statement on Science and Government [June 27, 2017] AAAS Statement on White House Executive Order on Cuba Relations [June 16, 2017] AAAS Statement on Paris Agreement on Climate Change [June 1, 2017] AAAS Statement from CEO Rush Holt on Fiscal Year 2018 Budget Proposal [May 23, 2017] AAAS thanks the Congress for prioritizing research and development funding in the FY 2017 omnibus appropriations [May 9, 2017] AAAS Statement on Dismissal of Scientists on EPA Scientific Advisory Board [May 8, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement on FY 2017 Appropriations [May 1, 2017] AAAS CEO Statement on Executive Order on Climate Change [March 28, 2017] AAAS leads an intersociety letter on the HONEST Act [March 28, 2017] President's Budget Plan Would Cripple Science and Technology, AAAS Says [March 16, 2017] AAAS Responds to New Immigration Executive Order [March 6, 2017] AAAS CEO Responds to Trump Immigration and Visa Order [January 28, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement on Federal Scientists and Public Communication [January 24, 2017] AAAS thanks leaders of the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act [December 21, 2016] AAAS CEO Rush Holt raises concern over President - Elect Donald Trump's EPA Director Selection [December 15, 2016] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement Following the House Passage of 21st Century Cures Act [December 2, 2016] Letter from U.S. scientific, engineering, and higher education community leaders to President - elect Trump's transition team [November 23, 2016] Letter from AAAS CEO Rush Holt to Senate Leaders and Letter to House Leaders to pass a FY 2017 Omnibus Spending Bill [November 15, 2016] AAAS reaffirms the reality of human - caused climate change [June 28
Climate Science Meeting with EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt [July 31, 2017] AAAS Encourages Congressional Appropriators to Invest
in Research and Innovation [July 25, 2017] AAAS CEO Urges Secretary of State to Fill Post of
Science and Technology Adviser [July 13, 2017] AAAS and ESA Urge Trump Administration to Protect Monuments [July 7, 2017] AAAS Statement on House Appropriations Bill for the Department of Energy [June 28, 2017] Scientific Organizations Statement on
Science and Government [June 27, 2017] AAAS Statement on White House Executive Order on Cuba Relations [June 16, 2017] AAAS Statement on Paris Agreement on
Climate Change [June 1, 2017] AAAS Statement from CEO Rush Holt on Fiscal Year 2018 Budget Proposal [May 23, 2017] AAAS thanks the Congress for prioritizing research and development funding in the FY 2017 omnibus appropriations [May 9, 2017] AAAS Statement on Dismissal of Scientists on EPA Scientific Advisory Board [May 8, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement on FY 2017 Appropriations [May 1, 2017] AAAS CEO Statement on Executive Order on Climate Change [March 28, 2017] AAAS leads an intersociety letter on the HONEST Act [March 28, 2017] President's Budget Plan Would Cripple Science and Technology, AAAS Says [March 16, 2017] AAAS Responds to New Immigration Executive Order [March 6, 2017] AAAS CEO Responds to Trump Immigration and Visa Order [January 28, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement on Federal Scientists and Public Communication [January 24, 2017] AAAS thanks leaders of the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act [December 21, 2016] AAAS CEO Rush Holt raises concern over President - Elect Donald Trump's EPA Director Selection [December 15, 2016] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement Following the House Passage of 21st Century Cures Act [December 2, 2016] Letter from U.S. scientific, engineering, and higher education community leaders to President - elect Trump's transition team [November 23, 2016] Letter from AAAS CEO Rush Holt to Senate Leaders and Letter to House Leaders to pass a FY 2017 Omnibus Spending Bill [November 15, 2016] AAAS reaffirms the reality of human - caused climate change [June 28
Climate Change [June 1, 2017] AAAS Statement from CEO Rush Holt on Fiscal Year 2018 Budget Proposal [May 23, 2017] AAAS thanks the Congress for prioritizing research and development funding
in the FY 2017 omnibus appropriations [May 9, 2017] AAAS Statement on Dismissal of Scientists on EPA Scientific Advisory Board [May 8, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement on FY 2017 Appropriations [May 1, 2017] AAAS CEO Statement on Executive Order on
Climate Change [March 28, 2017] AAAS leads an intersociety letter on the HONEST Act [March 28, 2017] President's Budget Plan Would Cripple Science and Technology, AAAS Says [March 16, 2017] AAAS Responds to New Immigration Executive Order [March 6, 2017] AAAS CEO Responds to Trump Immigration and Visa Order [January 28, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement on Federal Scientists and Public Communication [January 24, 2017] AAAS thanks leaders of the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act [December 21, 2016] AAAS CEO Rush Holt raises concern over President - Elect Donald Trump's EPA Director Selection [December 15, 2016] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement Following the House Passage of 21st Century Cures Act [December 2, 2016] Letter from U.S. scientific, engineering, and higher education community leaders to President - elect Trump's transition team [November 23, 2016] Letter from AAAS CEO Rush Holt to Senate Leaders and Letter to House Leaders to pass a FY 2017 Omnibus Spending Bill [November 15, 2016] AAAS reaffirms the reality of human - caused climate change [June 28
Climate Change [March 28, 2017] AAAS leads an intersociety letter on the HONEST Act [March 28, 2017] President's Budget Plan Would Cripple
Science and Technology, AAAS Says [March 16, 2017] AAAS Responds to New Immigration Executive Order [March 6, 2017] AAAS CEO Responds to Trump Immigration and Visa Order [January 28, 2017] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement on Federal Scientists and Public Communication [January 24, 2017] AAAS thanks leaders of the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act [December 21, 2016] AAAS CEO Rush Holt raises concern over President - Elect Donald Trump's EPA Director Selection [December 15, 2016] AAAS CEO Rush Holt Statement Following the House Passage of 21st Century Cures Act [December 2, 2016] Letter from U.S. scientific, engineering, and higher education community leaders to President - elect Trump's transition team [November 23, 2016] Letter from AAAS CEO Rush Holt to Senate Leaders and Letter to House Leaders to pass a FY 2017 Omnibus Spending Bill [November 15, 2016] AAAS reaffirms the reality of human - caused
climate change [June 28
climate change [June 28, 2016]
Some subpopulations of yellow warblers may be genetically better equipped to adapt to
climate changes than others, according to a new study
in the January 5
issue of
Science.
Beyond honing communications skills, participants said while the discussions often started off with broad trends
in climate science, invariably the exchanges shifted to specific local
issues such as wildfires, ozone levels, crop rotations, sea level rise, droughts and air quality.
«Public opinion regarding
climate change is likely to remain divided as long as the political elites send out conflicting messages on this
issue,» lead researcher Robert Brulle, a professor of sociology and environmental
science at Drexel University
in Philadelphia, said
in a statement.
While a good knowledge of environmental
issues is important, he is convinced that «you don't need a double PhD
in climate science», but a good range of skills.
While large - scale
climate research models offer a systems view of what the transport sector, for example, could contribute to
climate protection
in comparison to the energy sector, the study presented
in Science, however, examines transport - related
issues within the sector by using more recent and more specific data on how people commute and travel.
Another possible
issue with attribution
science, he says, is that the current generation of simulations simply may not be capable of capturing some of the subtle changes
in the
climate and oceans — a particular danger when it comes to studies that find no link to human activities.
The study does a «very nice job» of using different approaches to show that
climate change is a dominant force, says Thomas Lovejoy, president of the H. John Heinz III Center for
Science, Economics, and the Environment
in Washington, D.C. «I think the single most important public policy [
issue] here is agreeing on what the limit should be on greenhouse gas concentration,» he says.
Anticipating the future under the influence of
climate change is one of the most important challenges of our time, and the topic of the special section
in this
issue of
Science (see p. 472).
The findings, published
in the May 16
issue of
Science, closely match observations
in the atmosphere and can help make
climate prediction models more accurate.
Most recently, he reported on the diversity of oceanic viral communities
in a special
issue of the journal
Science featuring the Tara Oceans Expedition, a global study of the impact of
climate change on the world's oceans.
The BBC has some of the best
science and environment correspondents
in the world, but its coverage of
climate issues is being hampered by extremely woolly thinking among editors and senior managers.
In February 2007, AAAS organized a town hall - style meeting to highlight the human impacts of
climate change, and to showcase
science - and technology - based strategies for confronting the
issue.
The research appears
in the current
issue of
Science and presents a larger target for
climate modelers to hit
in fine - tuning their computer simulations.
The
science - related cuts proposed by the Trump administration come
in programs that deal with
issues it opposes ideologically, such as
climate change and the use of regulation to reduce pollution.
For more check out the blog at blog.SciAm.com, and the article
in the August
issue of Scientific American magazine called, «The Physical
Science behind
Climate Change».
In response, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study on changing Arctic ecosystems to better understand the consequences of lost permafrost and sea ice habitats, and the Interior Department established a
Climate Science Center at the University of Alaska to specifically address Arctic
issues.
Obama, he said, elevated the role of
science and technology advisers throughout the executive branch, put
in place plans to mitigate and prepare the United States for the impacts of
climate change, set up health research initiatives to tackle such priorities as cancer and brain research, worked with international partners on scientific
issues and used the White House as a platform from which to herald
science and education, particularly for children.
Holdren called on scientists and engineers to dedicate 10 % of their time educating policymakers and the public on
issues such as
climate change, protecting the world's oceans and public lands, continuing Arctic research and demonstrating the importance of investing
in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) programs for elementary and middle school students.
In 2011, the US National Earth Science Teachers Association informally surveyed 555 US teachers who discuss climate change issues in the classroo
In 2011, the US National Earth
Science Teachers Association informally surveyed 555 US teachers who discuss
climate change
issues in the classroo
in the classroom.
When Richard C. Willson of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Columbia University's Center for
Climate Systems Research analyzed the data
in the September 26, 1997
issue of
Science, he noticed an increase
in TSI of 0.036 percent from the previous minimum
in 1986.
The discovery, published
in the May 1
issue of
Science, suggests that the Earth's
climate doesn't act as a single entity, but can vary from region to region.
The National
Science Foundation - funded study, published
in the April 27
issue of the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, looked at how marine communities change across natural gradients to better understand the influence of the three
climate stressors.
In my main area of research,
climate science, the big
issue is energy.
The Society credits Merkel for boosting German research funding and for «the leadership she has provided on the European and world stages
in promoting
science - based policy making over
issues such as
climate change.»
The report, Global
Climate Change Impacts
in the United States, is
issued every decade by the federal government's
Climate Change
Science Program.
In an email to his staff last week, Larry Marshall, chief executive of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in Canberra, «stated that up to 350 jobs could be eliminated over the next 2 years, including 110 positions in the Oceans and Atmosphere division, the bulwark of CSIRO's climate research,» Leigh Dayton reported in this week's issue of Scienc
In an email to his staff last week, Larry Marshall, chief executive of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
in Canberra, «stated that up to 350 jobs could be eliminated over the next 2 years, including 110 positions in the Oceans and Atmosphere division, the bulwark of CSIRO's climate research,» Leigh Dayton reported in this week's issue of Scienc
in Canberra, «stated that up to 350 jobs could be eliminated over the next 2 years, including 110 positions
in the Oceans and Atmosphere division, the bulwark of CSIRO's climate research,» Leigh Dayton reported in this week's issue of Scienc
in the Oceans and Atmosphere division, the bulwark of CSIRO's
climate research,» Leigh Dayton reported
in this week's issue of Scienc
in this week's
issue of
Science.
Reporting
in the Nov. 14
issue of the journal
Science, University of California, Berkeley,
climate scientist David Romps and his colleagues look at predictions of precipitation and cloud buoyancy
in 11 different
climate models and conclude that their combined effect will generate more frequent electrical discharges to the ground.
That's good because such carbon capture and storage «may be the single most effective and direct
climate action available,» geoscientist R. Stuart Haszeldine wrote
in the same
issue of
Science.
The technique, described
in the current
issue of
Science, could someday be used to equip a variety of crops with the genetic know - how to survive
in scorching
climates.